The Integumentary System II

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The Integumentary System II

• March 1, 2007
• BIOL 203
• Karen Kraus

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Metamorphosis

• Ceruminous glands
• modified apocrine sweat gland
• cerumen
• Mammary glands
• modified apocrine sweat gland
• milk

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Every 3000 miles

• Sebaceous, or oil glands
• Associated with hair follicles
• simple acinar (alveolar), holocrine glands
• sebum
• moisturizes skin and hair
• prevents dehydration
• bactericide
• androgen-regulated release

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Metabolism

• BMR is the MR under standardized conditions
• fasting state, reclined, relaxed, normal room
  temperature, rested
• determined by surface area (size), fat/muscle
  ratio (gender), age
• other conditions exercise, pregnancy, heat,
  stress, hormones, some foods

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Human thermostat

• Radiation
• Conduction
• Convection
• Evaporation

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Temperate Zone

• Core of the body
• Shell of the body

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Controlling the thermostat

• Turning it up
• metabolism, shivering, vasoconstriction, behavior
• Turning it down
• radiation, convection/conduction, sweating,
  vasodilation, behavior

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Negative feedback

• Thermoreceptors
• Afferent pathways to the hypothalamus
• Efferent pathways to muscles, blood vessels,
  sweat glands or other effectors

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Are you trying to refrigerate the neighborhood?

• Hypothermia
• Hyperthermia
• Heat stroke
• Heat exhaustion
• Fever

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Its getting hot in here

• Pyogenic substances
• Endogenic vs. exogenic pyogens
• Homeostatic mechanism

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Burn, baby, burn

• Extreme thermal injury (heat or cold)
• Corrosives (acids, bases)
• Electrical injury
• UV radiation

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6 Degrees of.

• First degree burn
• Second degree burn
• Third degree burn
• Rule of 9s

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Unbalanced

• Cancers
• squamous cell
• basal cell
• melanoma
• Kaposis sarcoma

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Still unbalanced

• Carbuncle (furuncle)
• Fever blister
• Contact dermatitis
• Bed sore (decubitus ulcer)
• Epidermolysis bullosa
• Impetigo
• Psoriasis
• Vitiligo
• Acne vulgaris

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Mummy, mummy, Im scared!

• Bones
• Joints
• Associated cartilages
• Support
• Protection
• Movement
• Minerals
• Hematopoiesis

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That bones got some class

• Classified by shape and origin
• Cartilage vs. membrane bone
• Long
• Short
• Flat
• Irregular

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Electives

• Sesamoid
• Wormian
• Pneumatic
• Heterotrophic
• Accessory

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Macroscopic Bone Anatomy

• Periosteum
• Cancellous (spongy) bone
• Compact (dense, lamellar) bone
• Long bone structure
• diaphysis
• epiphysis
• medullary cavity
• endosteum
• articular cartilage

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More Mac

• Flat bone structure
• diploe
• red marrow cavity
• trabeculae

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Hes a growing boy...

• Nutrient foramen
• Osteogenic layer
• Epiphyseal plate