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Angiosperm origins and relationships of major lineages

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... root replaced by adventitious roots. Mostly herbs. Vascular ... Primary root replaced by adventitious roots. Leaves with parallel venation and sheathing bases ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Angiosperm origins and relationships of major lineages


1
Angiosperm origins and relationships of major
lineages
2
Vessels and tracheids
3
Companion cells
4
Pollen
columellae
5
Carpel and integuments
6
Fertilisation
7
Development of Fruits
8
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9
Cycads
10
Conifers
11
Ginkgos
12
Gnetaceae
13
Bennettitales
14
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15
Archaefructus
16
The oldest angiosperm
17
Early lineages (i)
18
Early lineages (ii)
Chloranthaceae Piperaceae
19
Earliest Angiosperms
  • Perennial
  • Evergreen
  • Woody
  • Vascular bundles in a ring,
  • Vessel-less wood
  • Alternate, simple, coriaceous leaves with entire
    or sparsely-toothed margins
  • Lacking stipules
  • Lacking ethereal oils

20
Earliest Flowers
  • Insect-pollinated
  • Radially symmetrical
  • Several - many tepals, spirally-arranged, free
    and distinct
  • Bisexual
  • Stamens poorly differentiated into anther and
    filament
  • Anthers with four microsporangia opening by
    longitudinal slits
  • Superior ovaries
  • Pollen monosulcate and often lacking
    well-developed columellae
  • Carpels fused by secretion, with an elongated
    stigma and a style poorly differentiated from
    ovary.
  • Placentation marginal

21
  • Dicotyledons
  • Embryo with 2 cotyledons
  • Primary root persistent
  • Herbs, shrubs or trees
  • Stele cylindrical
  • Pollen tricolpate
  • Monocotyledons
  • Embryo with 1 cotyledon
  • Primary root replaced by adventitious roots
  • Mostly herbs
  • Vascular bundles scattered
  • Pollen monocolpate

22
Monocolpate and Tricolpate
23
Anomalous Dicots
  • Flowers in 3s or with numerous parts
  • Poorly differentiated anthers
  • Poorly developed styles and elongate stigmas
  • Pollen monocolpate or inaperturate
  • Ethereal oils in vegetative parts

24
Magnoliaceae
25
Lauraceae
26
Piperaceae
27
Nymphaceae
28
A summary of the major groups that occurred in
greater than 50 of the 1000 jackknife replicates
(from Soltis et al. 2000).
29
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30
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31
  • ANITA
  • Amborellaceae
  • Nymphaceae
  • Illiciaceae
  • Trimeniaceae
  • Austrobaileyaceae

32
  • MAGNOLIIDS
  • Chloranthaceae
  • Magnoliaceae
  • Annonaceae
  • Myristicaceae
  • Lauraceae
  • Piperaceae
  • Aristolochiaceae
  • Ceratophyllaceae

33
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34
Amborellaceae
35
Amborella trichopoda
36
Amborella trichopoda
  • Shrubby
  • Lacks vessels
  • No ethereal oils
  • Radial flowers with 7-11 tepals
  • Dioecious
  • Ascidiate carpels

37
Nymphaceae Victoria amazonica
38
Nymphaceae
39
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40
Austrobaileyales llliciaceae
41
Austrobaileyales Trimeniaceae
42
Austrobaileyales Austrobaileyaceae
43
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44
Chloranthaceae
45
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46
Piperaceae
47
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48
Aristolochiaceae
49
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50
Lauraceae
51
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52
(No Transcript)
53
Magnoliaceae
54
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55
Annonaceae
56
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57
Myrtisticaceae
58
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59
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60
Ceratophyllaceae
61
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62
Monocot autapomorphies
  • Embryo with 1 cotyledon
  • Vascular bundles scattered
  • Primary root replaced by adventitious roots
  • Leaves with parallel venation and sheathing bases
  • Herbaceous habit
  • DNA sequences

63
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64
Eudicot autapomorphies
  • Tricolpate pollen
  • Sequences from rbcL, atpB, 18S rDNA
  • Floral parts in whorls
  • Slender filaments

65
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66
Core Eudicots autapomorphies
  • Sequences from rbcL, atpB, 18S
  • 4- or 5-merous flowers with calyx and corolla
  • Placentation usually axile

67
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68
Eurosids autapomorphies
  • Sequences from rbcL, atpB, matK, 18S
  • Nitrogen fixers in clade of Fabales, Rosales,
    Cucurbitales and Fagales

69
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70
Asterids autapomorphies
  • Sequences from rbcL, atpB, matK, ndhF 18S
  • Ovules with a single integument

71
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72
Core Asterids autapomorphies
  • Sympetalous corolla
  • Number of petals number of stamens
  • Epipetalous stamens
  • Gynoecium of 2 fused carpels
  • DNA sequences
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