Disease Control Tools DISCONTOOLS PROJECT

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Disease Control ToolsDISCONTOOLS PROJECT

• Work Package 4
• Technology Evaluation
• Brussels
• 24 March2009
• Jim Scudamore

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Evaluation of new technologies

• To ensure that current and newly developing
  technological advances are used to maximum
  effect.
• To initiate and develop the methodology for
  evaluating and using new technologies in the
  context of developing new disease control tools.

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Evaluation of new technologiesObjectives in
DISCONTOOLS

• 1.Identify innovative technology and assess how
  it can be utilised for the development of new
  tools for the control of infectious animal
  diseases
• 2. Direct research funding to the new technology
  with the most potential
• 3. Ensure this information is transmitted to
  research and development organisations involved
  in disease control

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Evaluation of new technologies

• Often developments occur in relation to only one
  specific disease with little consideration of
  their potential impact or application to a wider
  spectrum of other diseases.
• This process will be developed in order to speed
  up and ensure that potential wider applications
  of innovative and new technology are identified
  and transferred to other groups.
• A method of identifying innovation will be
  developed to assist in the transfer of knowledge
  from one field to a much wider range of diseases.
  
• These newly developed technologies will be
  reviewed regularly to assess their potential and
  to ensure that they are being used to maximum
  benefit

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Evaluation of new technologiesTasks

• Review new technologies through literature
  searches, workshops and conferences and the
  establishment of networks.
• Evaluate the potential of new technological
  developments.
• Monitor the availability of proof of concept for
  new technologies.
• Identify innovative technology and assess how it
  can be utilised.
• Direct research funding to the new technology
  with the most potential.
• Develop effective communication strategies for
  new technologies to ensure acceptance by the
  public.

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Evaluation of new technologiesSpecific Activity

• 1 to conduct a review to assess whether any
  systems currently exist for the identification
  and evaluation of new technologies.
• 2 to identify the current and new technologies
  being used in the development of new control
  tools for the priority diseases
• 3 to establish an expert group to consider how
  innovation and new technologies can be identified
  and evaluated
• 4 to establish a database of the new technologies
  based on the results form the expert groups

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Current sources of information

• It is not easy to identify the work which exists
  which could impact on the developments of
  vaccines and diagnostics. Potential innovations
  are difficult to identify. Cost effectively
  understanding of what is occurring is not easy.
• Access to information on the internet has
  continually and exponentially increased. Tools
  are needed to extract the relevant information.
• Many of the information resources focus on
  specific content. For example, RAND provides an
  excellent database of government RD called
  Radius (research and development in the U.S.).
• Massive amounts of valuable data are also
  available from many other sources.
• The issue is the identification, collection,
  organisation, interpretation and reuse of the
  data as this is often difficult and costly to
  transform into meaningful information that can
  yield analytical and competitive advantage.

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Evaluation of new technologiesCurrent sources of
information

• OIE Ad hoc Group on Vaccines Related to New and
  Emerging Technologies
• OIE ad hoc Group on Diagnostic Tests in Relation
  to New and Emerging Technologies
• International Symposium Animal Genomics for
  Animal Health10/07
• World Vet Lab Diagnosticians
• EFSA Working Group on Nanotechnology
• Web Searches
• Patent databases
• Press Releases
• Published papers

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OIE Ad hoc Group on Vaccines Related to New and
Emerging Technologies

• The following vaccine technologies were
  identified as needing new or improved guidelines
  
• ?? DNA vaccines (completed)
• ?? Reverse genetics
• ?? Chimerics
• ?? Gene-deleted vaccines
• ?? Marker vaccine technologies (DIVA vaccines)
• ?? Recombinant vectors
• ?? Virus like particles
• ?? Nanotechnology (nanoemulsions)
• ?? Adjuvant formulations for targeted immune
  responses.
• Sourcehttp//www.oie.int/downld/SC/2008/A_BSC_sep
  t2008.pdf

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OIE ad hoc Group on Diagnostic Tests in Relation
to New and Emerging Technologies

• develop guidelines for new technologies that have
  current and relevant applications for early
  disease detection, surveillance, and recovery
  from disease outbreaks to enable the transfer of
  these molecular diagnostic technologies to OIE
  Reference Laboratories and national veterinary
  laboratory networks.

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OIE ad hoc Group on Diagnostic Tests in Relation
to New and Emerging Technologies

• The following new molecular diagnostic
  methodologies were identified
• Direct diagnostic assays
• PCR-based assays
• o Real time
• o Rapid detection in a disease outbreak
• o Multiplex
• o PCR robotics.
• Isothermal amplification assays
• Microarray technologies
• Rapid sequencing technologies, phylogenic
  analysis/bioinformatics
• Genomic technologies to determine virulence
• Complete full length genome sequencing
  technologies
• Pen-side test technologies (lateral flow
  devices)
• Portable PCR technologies for field use
• Nanotechnology
• Proximity ligation technologies
• In-situ hybridisation
• Proteomics (detection of proteins).

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OIE ad hoc Group on Diagnostic Tests in Relation
to New and Emerging Technologies

• The following new molecular diagnostic
  methodologies were identified
• Indirect diagnostic test (antibody-based assays)
• Bioluminometry
• Fluorescence polarisation
• Chemoluminescence technologies
• Biosensors
• Biomarkers
• Recombinant proteins
• Synthetic proteins
• Improved monoclonals for enzyme-linked
  immunosorbent assays (ELISA).
• Source http//www.oie.int/downld/SC/2008/A_BSC_se
  pt2008.pdf

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International Symposium Animal Genomics for
Animal Health10/07

• A significant number of opportunities were
  identified, as follows
• 1. New research tools
• Genetic marker (marker-assisted selection,
  whole genome selection)
• Transcript profiling (transcriptomics)
• Proteomics.
• 2. Applications
• Microbial genomics
• Understanding mechanisms of pathogen immune
  evasion
• Understanding innate and adaptive immunity
• Molecular mechanisms of hostpathogen
  interaction
• Selection of animals with desirable health
  traits (good responders to vaccination, genetic
• disease resistance).
• 3. New tools to develop veterinary medicines
• Vaccines
• Antivirals
• Biotherapeutics.
• Sourcehttp//www.oie.int/downld/SC/2008/A_BSC_sep
  t2008.pdf

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World Association of Veterinary Laboratory
Diagnosticians

• Mission Statement
• The mission of the WAVLD is to improve animal
  and human health by facilitating the availability
  of quality laboratory testing provided through
  veterinary diagnostic laboratories around the
  world. This mission is accomplished by
• Disseminating the latest information relating to
  the diagnosis of animal diseases through
  outstanding educational symposia.
• Facilitating the organization of associations of
  veterinary laboratory diagnosticians in all
  countries of the world.
• Providing consulting assistance to countries
  wishing to build and operate state-of-the-art
  veterinary diagnostic laboratories.
• Supporting other activities to improve the health
  and welfare of man and animals throughout the
  world.
• Sourcehttp//www.wavld.org/Home/tabid/207/Default
  .aspx

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European Food Safety Authority

• SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
• Minutes of the 7th meeting of the Working Group
  on Nanotechnology Brussels, 7- 8 January 2009
• (EFSA-Q-2007-127)
• Sourcehttp//www.efsa.europa.eu/cs/ContentServer

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Web Searches

• http//search.bio-medicine.org/more.asp?midentifi
  cation
• http//www.genengnews.com/articles/chitem.aspx?aid
  966chid2
• http//medgadget.com/archives/2005/11/new_bacteria
  l_i.html
• http//www.pharmafocusasia.com/research_developmen
  t/asian_vaccine_industry.htm

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Evaluation of new technologiesCurrent sources of
information

• Web Searches

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Asian Vaccine industry opportunities and
challenges Figure 2 New Novel Technologies for
Vaccine Development
Protective Antigen Discovery Bioinformatic
analysis/ Reversed Genetic Immunisation
Receptor-Binding Domains Discovery Novel CTL
Epitopes Discovery and Vaccines Biochemical
Micro-analysis (Affinity Chromatography/LC/MS/MS)
Discovery of CTL Epitopes Using MHC-Binding
Motifs Predictive Algorithms Epitope Discovery
using Genomic Sequences CTL epitopes based
Vaccines Plasmid-based Chimeric Reassortant
live Vaccines Virus-Like Particles (VLP) In
vitro, Antigen and Adjuvant Screening
HLA-tetramers or dimers Development Transgenic
mouse models Prime/Boost mixed modality of
Immunisations Microencapsulation for
controlled-release Sourcehttp//www.pharmafocusa
sia.com/research_development/asian_vaccine_industr
y.htm
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Press Releases

• Researchers Develop New Bacteria Identification
  System
• by Press Release July 28 2006, Article 7324
  Researchers at Purdue University have developed a
  new low-cost system that analyzes scattered laser
  light to quickly identify bacteria for
  applications in medicine, food processing and
  homeland security at one-tenth the cost of
  conventional technologies. The technique -
  Bacteria Rapid Detection Using Optical Scattering
  Technology - works by shining a laser through a
  petri dish containing bacterial colonies growing
  in a nutrient medium. "Unlike
• Source http//www.thehorse.com/viewarticle.aspx?I
  D7324

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Published papers

• Early identification and assessment of new and
  emerging health technologies Actions, progress,
  and the future direction of an international
  collaborationEuroScan
• Simpson et al International journal of Technology
  Assessment in Health Care (2008), 24 518-525
  Cambridge University Press
• 2.

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Evaluation of new technologiesSpecific Activity

• 1 to conduct a review to assess whether any
  systems currently exist for the identification
  and evaluation of new technologies.
• 2 to identify the current and new technologies
  being used in the development of new control
  tools for the priority diseases
• 3 to establish an expert group to consider how
  innovation and new technologies can be identified
  and evaluated
• 4 to establish a database of the new technologies
  based on the results from the expert groups

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Identify innovative technology

• Horizon scanning
• Routine scanning
• World Wide Web resources on zoonotic infections
  a subjective overview. A similar review for new
  technologies.

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NZ Ministry of Research, Science and Technology

• Futurewatch
• Futurewatch can be thought of as a kind of a
  radar, a way of systematically scanning the
  external environment. A key aim is to find things
  that are new or unusual that may be signposts to
  important changes on the horizon. Another aspect
  is thinking about the impacts of new science and
  technology in a broad way that brings in a range
  of perspectives, including those outside the
  science worldview. Futurewatch is a term used by
  Futures Thinking Aotearoa to describe their
  future scanning activities.
• Source http//www.morst.govt.nz/current-work/futu
  rewatch/

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NZ Ministry of Research, Science and Technology

• Futurewatch The Navigator Network
• The Navigator Network is an initiative led by the
  Ministry of Research Science and Technology.
• The purpose of the Network is to identify
  emerging science trends and innovations,
  particularly in biotechnology and nanotechnology,
  and to explore those that may raise significant
  economic, social or environmental opportunities
  or risks for New Zealand.
• The Network brings together individuals and
  organisations with insights into the dynamics of
  emerging science and technology innovation and
  social change, both globally and in New Zealand. 
  Around twelve scanners from science organisations
  have been recruited as core scanners, and are
  teamed with staff from relevant government
  agencies, and a wider network of interested
  members.
• Findings from the Network provide opportunities
  for pro-active thinking about possible
  implications of developments for New Zealand.
  Reports from the Network inform government policy
  development, business plans and research
  directions.
• Source http//www.morst.govt.nz/current-work/futu
  rewatch/navigator/

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Dissemination of information

• US Agricultural Research Service
• Office of Technology Transfer
• Tech Alerts is a self-subscribing Web-based
  system that allows businesses to receive
  electronic notifications when new technologies
  are available for licensing.
• ARS continues to hold periodic technology
  showcase exhibitions at selected ARS locations.
  These one-day events provide a venue for
  corporations and federal scientists to meet and
  discuss research projects where a private sector
  partnership is desired and for businesses to view
  selected technologies available for licensing.
• ARS laboratories across the nation plan
  workshops, meetings and seminars designed to
  inform industry representatives about recent
  research findings.

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Technology Evaluation

• Issues for consideration
• Who will collect information?
• What type of information/
• Where from?
• How will the information be collated?
• Where will it be stored?
• Who will evaluate?
• How will information be disseminated?
• Who will disseminate?

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Evaluation of new technologiesDeliverables

• Rapid identification and assessment of new
  technology and techniques as they are identified
  or published.
• Use of new technologies where appropriate to
  assist the development of diagnostics,
  pharmaceuticals and vaccines.
• Proof of concept is demonstrated by researchers
  for new technologies
• New technologies for the production of veterinary
  medicines are accepted by civil society