Climate and Weather

1
Climate and Weather

• Mrs. Jones Class

2
Weather Systems

• Troposphere is about 15 km thick at the equator.
  Stratosphere there is little water in the
  stratosphere.
• The ozone is important to the Earth by
  protecting life on Earth by absorbing some of the
  suns harmful rays.
• The troposphere layer is where most of the
  Earths weather occurs.
• Some of the measuring tools are a hygrometer-to
  measure humidity, a wind vane to measure wind
  direction, and a rain gauge-to measure
  precipitation, a barometer- to measure air
  pressure, and a thermometer to measure air
  temperature.

3
Weather Systems cont

• High air pressure is a cold air mass, low air
  pressure is a warm air mass.
• Changing air pressure can be used to predict
  changing weather with a barometer.
• Clouds form by condensation of water in the
  troposphere.

4
Weather Systems cont

• Cirrus-thin high clouds made mostly of ice,
  cumulus-puffy clouds that usually mean fair
  weather, stratus-layered clouds that often
  produce rain or snow, and cumulonimbus- high
  puffy clouds that are tall and bring
  thunderstorms and sometimes hail.

Joey, Danny, London, Adrian A, Adrian S, Rocendo
5
The Causes of Wind

• The atmosphere absorbs some of the suns energy
  and reflects some back to space.
• These differences causes air to move from the
  area to lower pressure.
• Earths surface is heated unevenly, the air above
  it is in contact motion.
• When the warm air gas up it makes a craft.
• Unevenly heating of the Earths surface produces
  air masses of different temperature, cold air
  sink ,forcing worm air to rise.

6
The Causes of Wind cont

• On a weather map you can find symbols. The red
  circles are the warm front, and the blue arrows
  are the cold front.
• Weather systems are a specific set of weather
  conditions.
• Prevailing winds that curve to the east, produce
  west winds called westerlies.
• Westerlies cause weather systems to move from
  west to east.
• The direction of air flow is changed by the
  earths rotation and temperatures and weather
  systems move from place to place.

Valeria, Nancy, Silvia, Abby, Colby, Mckinzie
7
Climates and How They Change

• Because the micro climates changes in the area of
  the mountains. At the top of a mountain, you will
  find a cold and dry climate with few trees and
  animals because the clouds with snow in them are
  closer to the top which makes it cold and then
  the sun heats the top and makes it hot. On the
  sides of the mountain, the climate is cool and
  moist, and there are tall trees and forest
  animals because that s where the trees and
  animals can survive. At the base of the mountain,
  the climate is warm and dry. Dessert animals and
  plants such as sagebrush live there because they
  need dry weather.
• The temperature differences are determined by, or
  the distance a place is from the equator.

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Climates and How They Change

• Polar zone- cold all year, light precipitation .
  Mountain zone- cold winters, cool summers ,
  moderate to heavy precipitation . Temp zone- cold
  winters, warm summers, moderate precipitation .
  Tropical zone- Hot all year , moderate to heavy
  precipitation . Desert Zone- Hot summer, cool
  winters, light precipitation.
• Scientist have evidence that earth is slowly
  warming because they study erosion and
  deposition.

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Climates and How They Change

• To determine which areas of North America were
  once covered by ice, scientists look for evidence
  of glacial erosion and deposition.
• Changes in the Earths temperature might be
  caused by a change in the size of the Earths
  orbit or a change the tilt of Earths axis.
• The level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has
  increased over the past century by the burning of
  fossil fuels, it also could because caused by
  greenhouse effect.
• Warm air is also caused by the burning of fossil
  fuels such as gasoline.

Noe, Andrew, Madison, Yesi, Kaitlyn, Lauren
10
Vocabulary

• atmosphere- The layer of air that surrounds
  Earth.
• precipitation- Any form of water that falls from
  clouds, such as rain or snow
• evaporation- The process by which a gas changes
  back into a liquid.
• air pressure- Weight of air.
• condensation- A process by which a gas changes
  back into a liquid.
• humidity- A measure of the amount of water in the
  air.

Joey, Danny, London, Adrian A, Adrian S, Rocendo
11
Vocabulary

• local winds- the winds dependent upon local
  changes in temperature.
• prevailing winds-winds that blow at the same
  direction.
• continuous air flow-air that keeps on flowing.

Valeria, Nancy, Silvia, Abby, Colby, Mckinzie
12
Vocabulary

• Climate-The average of all weather conditions
  through all seasons over a period of time.
• Microclimate-The climate of a very small area.
• El Nino-A short term climate change that occurs
  every 2 to 10 years.
• greenhouse effect-process by which the earth's
  atmosphere absorb heat.
• global warming-The hypothesized rise in the earth
  average temperatures from excess carbon dioxide
• Latitude- an imaginary division of the earth
• heat island- a mass of warm air surrounded by
  cooler air

Noe, Andrew, Madison, Yesi, Kaitlyn, Lauren