Chemometric Methods for Environmental Pollution Monitoring

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Chemometric Methods for Environmental Pollution
Monitoring
Dmitry E. Bykov Samara State Technical
University Samara, Russia
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Outlines

• Introduction
• Wastes recovering
• Wastes conversion
• Wastes cancellation
• Wastes management
• Landfills management
• Conclusions

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The Goals

• This lecture has two main objectives
• To give information about our R D activities
• To get your advices how to apply chemometrics

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Samara is a large industrial city
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Samara State Technical University SSTU
Since 1914
17 000 Students
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SSTU Structure
SSTU
Faculty of Chemical Technology
Department of Industrial Ecology
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Department of Industrial Ecology
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Department Research Activities

• Design the processes and equipment
• for waste treatment
• industrial sewage cleaning

• Reengineering of out-of-date technologies

• Ecological auditing and improvement of
  ecological management in industry

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Development activities
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Public Activities
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Research Analysis Center ofIndustrial Ecology
(RACIE)
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RACIE Activities

• Chemical analysis of topsoil, wastes,
  sewage, and ground water

• Development of standards that regulate the
  pressure on the environment by human activities

• Designing the up-to-date landfills for
  industrial and domestic wastes

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II. Wastes Recovering
The goals are purification and regeneration
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Tasks solved

• Sleeper plant sewage purification
• Waste emulsion regeneration
• Copper contaminated sorbent regeneration
• Used enamel regeneration
• Hydrolyzed salomass regeneration
• High foul blowoff sewage purification

• Sleeper plant sewage purification
• High foul blowoff sewage purification

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Sleeper plant sewage purification
Sleeper plants sewage water contains up to 10 of
tars.To purify it extraction with xylene is
applied.
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Equilibrium in the water/tar/xylol system
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Tar extraction
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High foul blowoff sewage purification
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Process parameters (Input)

• T Temperature
• Ph Acidity
• PAA Flocculant (polyacrylamid)
  concentration
• K-2 Coagulant concentration

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Purified water quality (Output)

• D Optical density
• Al Concentration of aluminium ions Al3
• Fe Concentration of ferric compounds

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Conventional univariate approach - I
Output parameters versus acidity. Other input
parameters are constants T 20C K-2 50
mg/l PAA 2 mg/l
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Conventional univariate approach - II
Output parameters versus temperature. Other
input parameters are constants pH 6 K-2 40
mg/l PAA 2 mg/l
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Conventional univariate approach - III
Output parameters versus PAA concentration. Other
input parameters are constants T 20C pH
6 K-2 40 mg/l
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Conventional univariate approach - IV
Output parameters versus K-2 concentration. Other
input parameters are constants T 20C pH
6 PAA 2 mg/l
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Optimal process setup

• Temperature T35C
• Acidity Ph 6
• PAA concentration PAA2 mg/l
• K-2 concentration K-2 40 mg/l

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Chemometrics related problem

• Would MSPC approach be useful there?

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PLS2 Model
Loadings Plot Inputparameters
T , pH, PAA, K-2
Output parameters
Fe , D, Al
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Predicted optical density
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Predicted concentration of aluminium ions
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Predicted concentration of ferric compounds
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III. Wastes conversion
The goal is utilization
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Tasks solved

• Soap stock utilization
• Conversion of plastic-insulated cable scraps
• 1,2-dichlorpropane processing
• Polychlorethanes processing

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Soap stock utilization

• Soap stock is a waste of oils and fats refining
• This is a valuable product, which should utilized

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Conventional method of utilization
Waste is utilized into not valuable soap
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Soap stock composition
Vegetable oil production wastes
Fat production wastes
Stock composition is different for oil and fat
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Oil production wastes utilization
Waste is utilized into valuable dry oil
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Fat production wastes utilization
Waste is utilized into valuable products
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Chemometrics related problem

• Will MSPC approach be useful in this case?

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IV. Wastes cancellation
The goal is wastes annihilation
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Tasks solved

• Oil polluted lands reclamation
• Sewage sludge utilization

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Oil polluted lands reclamation

• We have
• Oil polluted lands that should be reclamated
• A lot of activated sludge that should be utilized
  
• Lets mix them up!

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Oil polluted lands reclamation
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Oil conversion
ES is enzyme-substrate complex E
is enzyme (catalase) S is substrate (oil)
? is oil
decomposition product
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Chemometrics related problem

• The problem looks similar to biofuel production.
  
• Will this similarity be helpful?

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More on lands reclamation
Konstantin Chertes Samara State Technical
University , Samara, Russia Possibilities of
application of multidimensional data analysis
methods to substantiate directions of degraded
land recultivation
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V. Wastes management
The goal is collection and sorting
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Wastes sources
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Wastes distribution within industry
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Domestic refuse composition
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Domestic refuse break up
Collected (83 )
Disposed (76 )
Recycled (7 )
Total (100 )
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Waste collection system in Samara
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Wastes traverser station
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Polymer wastes composition
Polymer wastes weight portion is 10 Polymer
wastes cost portion is 60
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Chemometrics related problem

• How to automate the wastes sorting?
• Will NIR spectroscopy be helpful there?

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More on waste sorting and recycling
Nataliya Ryumina Samara State Technical
University, Samara, Russia Sorting of polymers
according to the typesby the method of near
infrared spectroscopy
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VI. Landfills management
The goal is ecological risk assessment
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Well-run landfill Kinel
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Illegal dump Bezenchuk
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How to estimate a landfill state?
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Prediction of maturity (age)
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PCA-based classification
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Chemometrics related problem

• How to perform sampling on landfills?
• Will sampling theory be helpful there?

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More on landfill state evaluation
Olga Tupicina Samara State Technical University
, Samara, RussiaChemometrics-based evaluation
of man-caused formations stability
Evgeniy Michailov Samara State Technical
University , Samara, RussiaEcological
assessment of waste fields with multivariate
analysis - feasibility study
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VII. Conclusions

• Numerous cases that are of interest in ecology
  and waste management have been presented
• Our first chemometric experience inspire us to
  use it more and more
• We are entirely open for co-operation in
  ecological chemometrics
• It is great to see so many outstanding scientists
  here!