SOIL STABILIZATION AND MODIFICATION

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SOIL STABILIZATION AND MODIFICATION
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What is Soil Stabilization

• Soil stabilization is the permanent physical and
  chemical alteration of soils to enhance their
  physical properties. Stabilization can increase
  the shear strength of a soil thereby controlling
  the shrink-swell properties of a soil and,
  improving the load bearing capacity of a
  sub-grade.
• Stabilization can be used to treat a wide range
  of sub-grade materials from expansive clays to
  granular materials.
  

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What stabilization does

• Bonds soil particles together (increases
  strength stiffness).
  
• Reduces permeability (fills voids, forms
  membrane).
  
• Improves compaction (lubrication, particle
  restructuring.
  

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Features Benefits

• Higher resistance (R) values
• Reduction in plasticity
• Lower permeability
• Reduction of pavement thickness
• Elimination of excavation, material hauling and
  handling, and base importation
  
• Aids compaction
• Provides all-weather access onto and within
  project sites.
  

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EQUIPMENT

• Reclaimer
• Dry material applicator
• Wet material applicator
• Dry material storage tanker
• Graders
• Compaction equipment
• Water truck

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Most commonly used stabilizers or additives

• Lime. (Calcium hydroxide)
• Portland Cement
• Calcium Chloride
• Emulsified Asphalt
• Expanded asphalt or Foamed Asphalt
• Fly Ash Type C

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Reclaimer with water truck
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Dry additive applicator truck
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Dry additive applicator trailer
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Water Truck
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Motor Grader
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Pad Foot Roller
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Storage Tankers for Water
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Off loading dry product from bulk tanker
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Off loading dry product from stationary storage
tanker
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Lime and Fly AshStabilization

• Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
• I-81
• District 8.0

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Lime/Fly AshEngineering

• Lime. (Calcium Hydroxide).
• Reduces plasticity and improves compaction.
• Fly Ash.
• Bonds particles together through pozzolanic
  action, when clay is present.

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I-81 PROJECT LIMITS

• INTER CHANGE I-78 I-81
• NORTH TO
• SCHUYLKILL/LEBANON COUNTY BORDER

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North bound I-81 Spring 2004
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Commercial, commuter vacation traffic move
safely through I-81 construction zone
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Rubblized concrete pavement
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I-81 Spring 2004
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I-81 Spring 2004
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Fly ash was placed before the lime additive
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The lime/fly ash combination will bond particles
through pozzolanic action
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Mixing lime/fly ash combination
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Lime fly ash are pulverized into the old wet
sub-base of I-81
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Moisture control is essential in lime
stabilization
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A water truck was needed to add moisture when
necessary
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The additives are mixed, while rough grade is
established
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Checking rough grade
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Final grading of lime/fly ash treated soil
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I-81 Compaction Effort

• Both Pad Foot Flat Steel Drum Rollers

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Lime stabilized base cures in the summer sun
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Final Stabilization Grade

• After one day of curing, stabilized base material
  was solid

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Transformation From soft yielding to stabilized
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PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION

• Encapsulation of Environmentally Unsafe
  Materials. Reading Sewer Facility

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D8 dozers rip and move materials to reclaiming
area
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Track hoes and dozers tear down the old structures
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Truck mounted cement spreaderapplying 8
Portland cement
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Reclaimer pulverizes the cement and contaminated
soils together
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Cement spreading and mixing
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Mixing the contaminated soils
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Testing, density and moisture for laboratory
analysis
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Pennsylvania Department of Transportation

• State Route 100 Relocation
• Lehigh County
• District 5

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Unseasonable Wet Spring and Summer
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Lime is introduced into the base to facilitate
the drying
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Lime is metered out of the material distributor
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After the pulverization the base is left to cure
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Moisture in the material is monitored on regular
basis
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The reclaimer pushes a water tanker
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After compaction fine grading can take place
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Reclaiming on the new Route 100 by-pass
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The new dry stabilized base of Route 100
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The hardness of the base material is evident
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Delaware County, Pennsylvania

• Spring 2004
• Wet Unstable New Housing Development

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The unusable new roadway wet mud between catch
basins
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Lime is spread on top of the wet material
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Lime is mixed with the wet soils
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Mixing wet soil and lime
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The precise amount of lime is added
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Moisture is monitored in the soil
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Soil conditions change during soil stabilization
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Drying the soil is essential for the developer
and builders
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THANK YOU

• E.J. Breneman LP.
• 1117 Snyder Road
• West Lawn, PA 19609
• Phone [phone] or 610-636-0121
• e-mail mpolak_at_ejbreneman.com
• web site www.ejbreneman.com