History and Issues Methods Chapter 1 Next time: Continue Chapter 1 Begin Chapter 2

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History and Issues Methods (Chapter 1)Next
time Continue Chapter 1 Begin Chapter 2
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www.psych.ufl.edu/smiller
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Volunteer Option (p. 3 of syllabus)

• Baby Gator
• Kindercare
• Shands
• Public schools

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Baby Gator

• Preschool3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds
• Also infants and toddlers
• Minimum 2 hours per week for entire semester
• Download Volunteer Packet and two attachments
  from website www.babygator.ufl.edu
• Will need to complete background check at Alachua
  County Sheriffs Office
• E-mail babygator_at_admin.ufl.edu to set up an
  orientation
• 293 Village Drive, 392-2330 Newell Drive,
  273-8000

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Kindercare

• Preschool3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds
• Also toddlers
• Minimum 2 hours per week
• Go to school to sign up1049 Museum Road
• Bring ID and course syllabus
• Will need to complete background check (packets
  available at school)
• Regina Hill336-1700

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Shands Volunteer Program

• Work with hospitalized children in Shands
• Range of ages, problems
• Minimum 3-hour block
• Limited placesact quickly
• Must complete orientation
• Volunteer Office, 1223 JHMHC, 265-0360, M-F, 8
  AM-8 PM
• Web site
• www.shands.org

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Public Schools

• Information on orange handout
• Range of ages, activities, types of children
• Sign up January 12,13, 14, 15, 21
• Orientation January 20, 21, 22
• Begin week of January 26

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History and Issues Methods (Chapter 1)Next
time Continue Chapter 1 Begin Chapter 2
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Pages 6-10 44-47
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Examples of Topics in Child Psychology

• Parents Child Rearing
• Parental Roles
• Prenatal Experiences

• Sex Differences
• Education of Children
• Origins of Moral Behavior

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HistoryGeneral Points

• Very Old Questions

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Baby biography (p. 8) A detailed record of an
infants growth and development over a period of
time
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Prescientific Reasons for Interest in Children

• Societal Concerns

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Examples of Topics in Child Psychology

• Parents Child Rearing
• Parental Roles
• Prenatal Experiences

• Sex Differences
• Education of Children
• Origins of Moral Behavior

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Prescientific Reasons for Interest in Children

• Societal Concerns

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Prescientific Reasons for Interest in Children

• Societal Concerns
• Issues in Philosophy

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Examples of Topics in Child Psychology

• Parents Child Rearing
• Parental Roles
• Prenatal Experiences

• Sex Differences
• Education of Children
• Origins of Moral Behavior

18
Prescientific Reasons for Interest in Children

• Societal Concerns
• Issues in Philosophy
• Hobbes
• Locke
• Rousseau

19
Tabula rasa (p. 8) the idea that the mind of an
infant is a blank slate and that all knowledge,
abilities, behaviors, and motives are acquired
through experience
20
LockeFear and awe ought to give you the
first power over their minds, and love and
friendship in riper years to hold it.It will
perhaps be wondered that I mention reasoning with
children and yet I cannot but think that the
true way of dealing with them. They understand it
as early as they do language.they love to be
treated as rational creatures sooner than is
imagined.
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PlatoSelf-control is the aim of our control
of children, our not leaving them free before we
have established, so to speak, a constitutional
government within them and, by fostering the best
element in them with the aid of the like in
ourselves, have set up in its place a similar
guardian and ruler of the child, and then, and
then only, we leave it free.
22
HistoryGeneral Points

• Very Old Questions
• Two Reasons for Interest Scientific
  Pragmatic

23
HistoryGeneral Points

• Very Old Questions
• Two Reasons for Interest Scientific
  Pragmatic
• Central Issues

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Themes in the Study of Human Development (pp.
44-47)
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Issues (pp. 44-47)

• Nature-Nurture
• Active-Passive
• Continuity-Discontinuity

26

• Figure 2.2 The course of development as described
  by continuity and discontinuity (stage) theorists.

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Issues (pp. 44-47)

• Nature-Nurture
• Active-Passive
• Continuity-Discontinuity
• The Holistic Nature of Development
  (Holistic-Modular)

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• Figure 2.3 Psychologists attempt to tease apart
  the biological (red), cognitive (yellow), social
  (blue), and contextual (white) factors that
  influence human development. However, development
  is holistic and at a very early age the variables
  that we choose to study have already begun to
  interact. A single domain or variable never
  influences development independently of other
  factors. The chosen variables effect is modified
  and modulated by the influences of other domains
  and their variables, just as they are modified
  and modulated by it. Like the colors in this
  illustration, influences from the four domains
  interact to produce confluent effects that are
  not easily traced to a single, or even a handful,
  of variables.

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Issues (pp. 44-47)

• Nature-Nurture
• Active-Passive
• Continuity-Discontinuity
• The Holistic Nature of Development
  (Holistic-Modular)
• Normative-Idiographic (p. 3)

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History--General Points

• Very Old Questions
• Two Reasons for Interest Scientific
  Pragmatic
• Central Issues
• Changes over Time

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Break their wills betimesLet a child from a year
old, be taught to fear the rod and to cry
softly.Let him have nothing he cries for,
absolutely nothing, else you undo your own
work.Make him do as he is bid, if you whip him
ten times running to effect it. Let none persuade
you it is cruelty to do this it is cruelty not
to do it. Break his will now, and his soul will
live.
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John B. Watson (1928)

• Treat them as though they were young adultsLet
  your behavior always be objective and kindly
  firm. Never hug and kiss them, never let them sit
  in your lap. If you must, kiss them once on the
  forehead when they say good night. Shake hands
  with them in the morning. Give them a pat on the
  head if they have made an extraordinarily good
  job of a difficult task. Try it out. In a weeks
  time you will find how perfectly easy it is to be
  objective with your child and at the same time
  kindly. You will be utterly ashamed of the
  mawkish, sentimental way you have been handling
  it.

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Examples of Topics in Child Psychology

• Parents Child Rearing
• Parental Roles
• Prenatal Experiences

• Sex Differences
• Education of Children
• Origins of Moral Behavior

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Methods (Chapter 1)
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DEP 4704Research Methods in Developmental
Psychology
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Research Designs

• The Experimental Design (pp. 22-24)
• The Correlational Design (pp. 20-22)

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Liebert Baron (1972) (pp. 22-23)
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When this white light comes on, you haveto push
one of these two buttons. If youpush this green
button, that will make thehandle next door
easier to turn and willhelp the child to win the
game. If you push this red button, that will make
the handle next door feel hot. That will hurt the
child, and he will have to let go of the handle.
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Experimental design (p. 22) A research design in
which the investigator introduces some change in
the participants environment and then measures
the effect of that change on the participants
behavior
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Experimental design (p. 22) A research design in
which the investigator introduces some change in
the participants environment ( independent
variable) and then measures the effect of that
change on the participants behavior ( dependent
variable)
41
Independent Variable (p. 22)Dependent Variable
(p. 22)
42
Experimental Research Possible Problems

• Artificialitylack of generalizability
• Practical constraints
• Ethical constraints

43
Correlational design (p. 20) A type of research
design that indicates the strength of association
among variables
44
Correlation does not imply causality.
45
Possible Bases for an A-B Correlation

• A causes B.
• B causes A.
• C causes both A and B.

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Correlational design (p. 20) A type of research
design that indicates the strength of association
among variables though correlated variables are
systematically related, these relationships are
not necessarily causal