A Demographic Profile of California: The Challenge to Equity and TRIO Professionals A Case Study

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A Demographic Profile of CaliforniaThe
Challenge to Equity and TRIO ProfessionalsA
Case Study

• Dr. Howard Wray
• California State University, Long Beach
• COE Annual Conference
• September 2005

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Factors Affecting College Enrollment of
Underrepresented Students at CSULB

• Significant increases in underrepresented groups
  in the California and LA county
• Shifts in population areas
• Gaps in educational opportunities between
  underrepresented and represented groups

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Demographics
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California
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CSULB

• 36.8 million
• 14 million larger than the next size state
  (Texas)
• One of eight Americans calls California home.

Source California Department of Education,
Educational Demographics Unit
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Californias Population Growth

• Californias growth last year was at the slowest
  pace since the recession of the 1990s.
  Nonetheless, the state grew by more than half a
  million people for the sixth straight year in
  2004.
• Past fifty years, population has more than
  tripled.
• For the past decade, the number of new
  Californians each year would be the size of the
  City of Long Beach (450,000)
• By 2020, population is projected to reach 42-50
  million

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Californias Population, 1940-2040 (in millions)
6.9 15.9 23.8
33.9 45.5
63.0
Source California Department of Finance
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Californias Diversity

• 2000 Population
• 47 White
• 33 Hispanic/Latino
• 11 Asian/Pacific Islander
• 7 African American
• 3 Other
• 5 Multi-Racial (not included in total)
• Increasingly multi-ethnic
• Multi-racial/ethnic births is the third largest
  category in California (17) following Latinos
  (42) and White (20)

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Racial/Ethnic Composition of California Newborns,
1997
Source California Department of Health Services
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Students Enrolled in CaliforniaK-12 Public
Schools, 2002-03
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8
45
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Source RAND Education Californias K-12 Public
Schools
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The Linguistic Landscape of Californias Schools
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Californians by Place of Birth, 1990
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California K-12 Percentage of English Learners
Source California Department of Education
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Poverty in California
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Poverty in California

• In 1970, 1.9 million people were poor in
  California. By 2000, the number of poor had more
  than doubled to 4.37 million.
• Since 2000, poverty rates in California continue
  to increase and remain higher than the rest of
  the nation.

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Poverty Rates Adjusted by Housing Costs,
California and the Rest of the Nation, 1996-2003
Source Public Policy Institute of California
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Poverty and Californias Children

• The highest in the percentage of children living
  in poverty 19 or roughly 1.75 million children.
  
• If there were a city containing only Californias
  poor under the age of 18, it would be the third
  largest city in the state.

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Child Well-Being
United States
California
29.6
23
23.4
20.4
18.3
19.5
18.2
16.6
Children living in high poverty areas
Children below poverty
Children living in high poverty areas
Children below poverty
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Ethnic Composition of All California Children and
Those Living in Poverty
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Regional Poverty Rates in California, 2000
Source Public Policy Institute of California
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• Educational Opportunity in California

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Of Every 100 WhiteKindergartners in CA
Source Oakland Unified School District.
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Of Every 100 AsianKindergartners in CA
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Of Every 100 African AmericanKindergartners in
CA
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Of Every 100 LatinoKindergartners in CA
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California Demographics

• First in Population Among States
• Second in African American Population
• First in Latino Population 1 in 3 Latino
  children in U.S. live in California
• First in Asian population 1 in 2 Asian children
  in the U.S. live in California
• One of every four Californians is an immigrant
• Without immigration, Californias population
  would decline

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• California ranks 50th among all states in the
  drop-off between the share of Latinos and African
  Americans in the 18-year-old population and the
  share of undergraduate degrees awarded to
  students in those ethnic groups.

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Los Angeles County
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Los Angeles County is..

• The largest metropolitan area in the nation with
  over 10 million residents, 3 of the nation.
• 27 of the population are children and teens
  under age 18.
• Over half of residents (56) speak a language
  other than English at home.
• Five of the top ten occupations in the number of
  new jobs pay less than poverty level wages.
  One-third of those in poverty are working poor.

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Los Angeles CountyRacial/Ethnic
Breakdown1940-2000
Source Lewis Center for Regional and Policy
Studies, University of California, Los Angeles
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Long Beach Demographics

• Population of 461,522 within 50 square miles
• Fifth largest city in California
• 1970- 90 white
• Designated as the most diverse major city in the
  nation
• Hispanic/Latino 35.8
• White 33.1
• African American 14.5
• Asian 13.2
• 70,000 families live at or below poverty

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Long Beach Demographics (cont.)

• One-third of population speak limited English
• As many as 65 languages spoken in LB schools
• Second highest in LA County in hate crimes
  committed by youth
• Seventh largest gay/lesbian population in the
  U.S.
• Largest Cambodian community outside of Cambodia
• Fifth largest senior population in the nation

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California Public High School Graduates
Completing All Courses Required for UC and/or CSU
Entrance
CSULB
Source California Department of Education,
Educational Demographics Unit
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Los Angeles/Orange County Public High School
Graduates Completing All Courses Required for
UC and/or CSU Entrance
CSULB
Source California Department of Education,
Educational Demographics Unit
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Tidal Wave II CSU Enrollment Projections 37
increase by 2010
CSULB
CSULB
2000 2002 2004 2006
2008 2010
Source National Center for Public Policy and
Higher Education
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Falling Short If current trends continue,
Californias workforce in 2020 may require more
highly educated workers than the state can
provide.
Source Public Policy Institute of Calif.
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Why?

• The best-educated Californians will be amongst
  the oldest, as baby boomers head to retirement.
• The greatest growth in the state will be among
  Latinos, who tend to be concentrated at younger
  ages and tend to have low levels of educational
  attainment.

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California State University, Long Beach

• The Big Challenge

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Competitive Admissions

• Started in 2002 to decrease enrollment by
  establishing higher admission criteria than the
  CSU index.

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TRIO Concerns

• What impact would competitive admissions have on
• Low-income students
• First-generation college students
• Underrepresented students

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6-Year Graduation Rates

• SSS Eligible Students 26
• CSULB 44
• SSS Participants 55

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TRIO and Equity Request

• Representation on the Presidential Advisory Group
• Inform schools, students, parents, and boarder
  community regarding policy changes
• Admit target school students using the local CSU
  index
• Establish Alternative Admissions criteria

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Alternate Admissions

• Started in 2003
• Designed to provide admission consideration to
  CSU eligible applicants based on economic or
  educational disadvantage.
• Target schools from the extended area.

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Preliminary Results

• Decrease in FTF
• Admitted Alternative Admission Students
• Increase in Latino Enrollment
• Increase in Low-income students
• Increase in First-generation college students
• Decrease in African American Enrollment

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CSULB First-Time Freshmen Enrollments
CSULB
CSULB
Headcount Enrollment
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Alternative Admissions

• Fall 2003
• Admitted 175 Enrolled 75
• Fall 2004
• Admitted 175 Enrolled 119
• Fall 2005
• Admitted 175 Enrolled (No Data)

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Latino Enrollment CSULB

• 2000 21.2
• 2001 21.8
• 2002 21.0Competitive Admissions
• 2003 22.3
• 2004 23.1

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First Generation College Students
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Low Income
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African AmericanEnrollmentCSULB

• 2000 6.6
• 2001 6.4
• 2002 6.0 Year of Competitive Admissions
• 2003 5.9
• 2004 5.8

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CSULB 2004 Freshman Class Profile
The class remains ethnically diverse 33 White,
23 Latino, 21 Asian/PI, 5.8 Black, 17.2
Other The percentage of low-income students
increased to 24. The percentage of first
generation college students increased to 25. The
percentage of Latino students increased to 23
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Affirming Equity and Opportunity at CSULB

• Affirming the importance of access and
  opportunity
• Reaffirming an equity agenda
• Affirming our role as advocates and change agents

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