RECLAIM AND REUSE OF TREATED WASTEWATERS AND WASTE SLUDGES IN AGRICULTURE - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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RECLAIM AND REUSE OF TREATED WASTEWATERS AND WASTE SLUDGES IN AGRICULTURE

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COMPOST Coord.Prof.Dr. Ayseg l Pala (DE ) TREAT-IRRIGATE (1) ... COMPOST ... to stabilize the waste sludge of Izmir Wastewater Treatment Plant by composting. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: RECLAIM AND REUSE OF TREATED WASTEWATERS AND WASTE SLUDGES IN AGRICULTURE


1
RECLAIM AND REUSE OF TREATED WASTEWATERS AND
WASTE SLUDGES IN AGRICULTURE
  • A YUUP Project Proposal Prepared by the
    Leadership of METU-Environmental Engineering
    Department
  • Project Coordinators
  • Prof. Dr. Celal F Gökçay and Prof.Dr. Ülkü Yetis

2
Goal of the Project
  • In accordance with the concept of sustainable
    development, the prime goal of the project is set
    as to develop processes, procedures and criteria
    for reclaim and reuse of treated wastewaters and
    waste sludges in agriculture. Treated wastewaters
    and sludges are otherwise disposed of into
    receiving waters and on land thereby causing
    secondary pollution and irreversible loss of
    valuable nutrients.
  • The project aims at constructing closed loops in
    water and nutrient usage and effective cycling of
    these materials. Efforts both aim at water
    recycling as well as recycling of nutrients that
    are trapped within sludges and to improve process
    economics.

3
Scope
  • Develop criteria for recycling of treated
    wastewaters and waste sludges for agricultural
    use.
  • Inventory of current wastewater and sludge
    production. Potential identification and
    evaluation
  • Inventory of existing treatment plants and their
    operating performances.
  • Classify and develop rehabilitation protocols and
    approaches for inoperative treatment plants
  • Develop add-on processes that may be required for
    proper recycling of treated wastewaters. Develop
    technology for the storage of treated wastewaters
    in the underground
  • Determining and developing administrative and
    managerial strategies for the implication of
    recycling technology.
  • Determining effects of treated wastewaters and
    waste sludges on the agriculture and soil
    quality.

4
Participating Institutions
  • METU Environmental Eng. Dept.
  • METU Biology Dept.
  • H.U. Biology Dept.
  • DEU Environmental Eng. Dept.
  • Ankara Univ. Faculty of Agriculture, Soil Science
    Dept.
  • Ankara Univ. Faculty of Agriculture, Agri.
    Structures Irrigation Dept.
  • Konya Selçuk Univ. Environmental. Eng. Dept.
    (ÖYP)
  • Süleyman Demirel Univ, Environmental Eng. Dept.
    (ÖYP)
  • Akdeniz Univ. Environmental. Eng. Dept. (ÖYP)
  • Kocaeli Univ. Environmental Eng. Dept. (ÖYP)
  • Uludag Univ. Environmental Eng. Dept.
  • MED-CONSULT Co. Ltd.
  • Azerbaijan ???

5
Sub-Projects
  • TREAT-IRRIGATE Coord. Dr. Ipek Bakkaloglu
  • SLUDGE Coord. Assoc. Prof. Dr.
    Dilek Sanin,
  • Prof. Dr. Filiz Dilek
  • CYST Coord. Prof. Dr. Celal
    F Gökçay
  • SATS Coord. Prof. Dr.
    Kahraman Ünlü
  • AGRICULTURE Coord. Assoc. Prof. Dr.
    AytenKARACA
  • Assoc. Prof. Dr.
    Ahmet Öztürk
  • STABILIZATION Coord. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ufuk
    Alkan
  • COMPOST Coord.Prof.Dr. Aysegül Pala
    (DEÜ)

6
TREAT-IRRIGATE (1)
  • Goals To identify, classify operational
    performances and problems of the domestic
    wastewater treatment plants in Turkey and to
    develop rehabilitation protocols for the existing
    problems.
  • To identify the potential for the irrigation of
    agricultural land around treatment plants by
    using treated wastewaters.

7
TREAT-IRRIGATE (2)
  • Scope
  • Investigation of the design criteria and
    operational conditions of domestic wastewater
    treatment plants
  • Investigation of treatment efficiencies
  • Identification and clssification of precautions
    to be taken at the facilities having operational
    problems
  • Evaluation of treatment plant effluent quality
    with regards to the irrigation water classes
    appearing in theTurkish Water Pollution Control
    Regulation
  • To determine the cultivable lands and types of
    agricultural activities around treatment plants
  • To investigate the present usage of treated
    wwaters for irrigation purposes

8
SATS (1)
  • Goals
  • To investigate the improvement to be attained on
    the quality of partially treated domestic
    wastewaters by using Soil Aquifer Treatment
    Systems (SATS)
  • To investigate the possibility of using treated
    and semi-treated wastewaters for groundwater
    recharge.
  • To develop a mathematical modeling approach for
    the optimum design and application of SATS
  • The implementation of SATS in Turkey for the
    removal of nitrogen and phosphorus will be
    worthwhile because of its contributions to
    economical and environmental aspects. As a result
    of this study, it will be possible to develop
    design criteria for SATS in context with the
    treatment of domestic wastewaters. The aim of
    this project is to provide opportunities in
    application of new technologies in Turkey.

9
SATS (2)
  • Scope Project consists of two main parts
    experimental and modeling studies. Experimental
    studies include column studies in laboratory
    scale and field studies in pilot scale in order
    to simulate SATS.
  • Column studies aim at determining the effect of
    wastewater composition, different soil types and
    variations in operational parameters (wet/dry
    loops, hydraulic loading, organic loading) on
    SATS performance. System efficiency in removal of
    pathogens, organics, nitrogen and phosphorus will
    be determined by comparing influent and effluent
    qualities of SATS.
  • In modeling studies, concepts which are important
    for the simulation of SATS will be considered. On
    the basis of simulation studies, with the
    developed model, design and operational criteria
    for the improvement of SATS performance will be
    optimized.

10
CYST (1)
  • Goal The main restrictive parameter for the
    usage of treated wastewaters in plant irrigation
    is helminth eggs and protozoan cysts. The WHO
    Standards stipulate that for wastewaters used in
    irrigation, the numbers of cysts and helminth
    eggs should less than one in 1 L. This standard
    is especially important for the irrigation of
    vegetables that are eaten uncooked and in Turkey
    since a large fraction of the population is known
    to be infected with internal parasites. Counting
    of eggs and cysts in wastewaters is currently
    carried out by microscopic methods following
    pre-concentration. The sub-project also aims at
    developing easy-to-use molecular methods to
    replace the current laborious techniques that are
    used for regular analysis.

11
CYST (2)
  • Scope
  • To develop practical and reliable molecular
    methods for counting protozoan cysts and helminth
    eggs in treated wastewaters
  • To compare (calibrate) these methods with the
    microscopic methods
  • To investigate effectiveness of treatment
    processes in removing of cysts and eggs and to
    correlate this with effluent parameters
  • Determine routine cyst and egg counts for other
    sub-projects.

12
SLUDGE (1)
  • Goal To investigate utilization of waste sludges
    as manure or soil conditioner before their final
    disposal
  • Developing cure methods for waste sludges which
    are otherwise unsuitted for agricultural use.
  • Revising criteria for use of waste sludges in
    agriculture by examining the pertinent
    regulations.

13
SLUDGE(2)
  • Scope
  • To investigate applicability of waste sludges
    originating from different domestic wastewater
    treatment plants in Turkey as soil conditioner in
    terms of their heavy metal, pathogens, and
    nutrient contents.
  • To relate waste sludge characteristics with
    different sludge processing technologies
  • To form a waste sludge map of Turkey

14
AGRICULTURE (1)
  • Goal
  • To identify the effects of waste sludges on
    agriculture
  • To reduce the numerous soil class types existing
    in Turkey to 3-5 for manegerial reasons.
  • To categorize waste sludges in terms of their
    stabilization conditions.
  • To select 3 types of representative plants
    representing the Turkish agricultural plant stock
    in order to form a three dimensional matrix.
    Agricultural impacts of sludges will be
    investigated experimentally by using this matrix.
  • To make available the information gained to the
    farmers by marking on maps the soil types,
    suitable plants and sludge dosing rates around
    existing and planned treatment plants.

15
AGRICULTURE (2)
  • Scope
  • Experimental matrices will be formed related with
    the usage of treated wastewaters for irrigation
    purposes. Construction of matrices will be
    mainly based on characteristics of wastewaters in
    different chemical categories, soil categories
    (categorized on the main properties such as EC,
    SAR etc.) and plant categories.
  • Agricultural land area, suitable for irrigation
    around treatment plants will be determined.
  • The soil types in these areas will be identified
    by using field analysis.
  • The constructed matrixes will then be
    sumperimposed onto the identified land thus the
    plant and soil patterns around the treatment
    plants will be specified. With the help of
    identified plant and soil patterns the wastewater
    irrigation dosage rates will be determined and
    marked on grid maps for farmers use.

16
STABILIZATION
  • In this project, the effects of various sludge
    stabilization methods on sludge characteristics
    will be investigated. Of these methods
    Stabilization by use of volatile fly ashes
    originating from thermal power plants will be
    studied by the Uludag University group. The group
    will study the appropriate doses of stabilized
    sludges having no effects on cultured plants

17
COMPOST
  • The aim of this project is to stabilize the
    waste sludge of Izmir Wastewater Treatment Plant
    by composting. This study will be conducted by
    Prof. Dr. Aysegül Pala from DEU who will
    investigate the possibilty of using the processed
    waste sludge as soil conditioner. To that end,
    incubation experiments in soil will be conducted.
    These experiments are expected to contribute to
    AGRICULTURE sub-project.

18
Project Proposals Corresponding to Scope Areas
19
Significance of The Project-1
  • Total of 3215 Municipalities currently exist in
    Turkey SIS
  • 1327 Municipalities have sewer systems
  • 80 treatment plants in 1998 SIS
  • In 2003 gt 100 ? (Ilbank reports127 facilities
    in 1998)
  • Total annual wastewater treatment capacity 1839
    Mm3 SIS
  • Only 309 Mm3 treated 16 SIS
  • In 1996 this was 12 SIS
  • Only properly treated wastewaters could be used
    for irrigation purposes. There is a positive
    correlation between effluent pollution parameters
    and the risk.

20
Significance of The Project -2
  • According to the General Agriculture Inventory
    (GTS) in 2001
  • Total land area 66.88 M hectares
  • Cultivable land area 22.16 M hectare (33)
  • The 22.78 of cultivable land is used for cereal
    growing (no irrigation)
  • 2.91 is disused though suitable for
    cultivation(no irrigation)
  • Irrigated cultivation in 0.88
  • The 5.6 of arable land is left unattentded each
    year for nutrients restoration.
  • Only 13.24 of 37472 rural residential areas
    questioned stated that they have ADEQUATE water
    sources for irrigation

21
Significance of The Project -3
  • As a result of the project, a 1.9 billion m3/year
    additional water resource will be available for
    for irrigation.
  • Hence significant increase in crop production
    will be provided.
  • 18.4 thousand tones/year of phosphorus or 88.4
    thousand tones/year equivalent of ammonium
    phosphate fertilizer will be reclaimed.
  • Seas and lakes will be protected from pollution.
  • Sustainable development and EU adaptation
    provisions will be satisfied.

22
Significance of The Project - 4
  • Assuming that 500mm water is required for each
    harvest of corn and that 2.0 tones of corn will
    be produced per hectar and by taking the price of
    corn as 267 USD/tones it can be calculated that
    200 Billion USD/year of additional worth will be
    created at the end of the project. This is also
    valid for grain.
  • These values are based on existing data which is
    far from reflecting the actual case (80
    facilities). Considering the factual figures the
    annual saving could be easily exceed 1 Billion
    USD, when most of the treated wastewaters are to
    be reclaimed.
  • With the increase in production, a significant
    increase in added value in the economy and
    increase in employment is to be expected.
  • With the implementation of the project,
    additional benefits such as protection of the
    environmental values, adaptation to EU standards,
    and rewinnig of idle investments are to be
    expected.
  • With the implementation of the project a new
    sector demanding good quality effluents will be
    formed against the treatment sector. This in turn
    will call for better treatment plant performances
    and improved environmental quality.
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