THE PROGRESSIVE ERA

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Chapter 9

• THE PROGRESSIVE ERA

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Section 1 The Origins of Progressivism

• Progressive Movement
• - return control of government to the people
• - restore economic opportunities
• - correct injustices in American life
• Attracted middle-class city dwellers
• writers, teachers and scholars

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4 Goals of Progressivism

• Protect social welfare
• Promote moral improvement
• Create economic reform
• Foster efficiency

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Protect Social Welfare

• Relieve Urban Problems
• YMCA
• Salvation Army
• Settlement Houses
• Jane Addams and Hull House in Chicago

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• Florence Kelley lived at Hull House
• Advocate for improving lives of women and
  children
• Helped win passage of Illinois Factory Act
  limited working hours for women and prohibited
  child labor
• Became general secretary of the National
  Consumers League lobbied for improvements in
  factory conditions
• Social Reform Women were called
• SOCIAL HOUSEKEEPERS

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Promoting Moral Reform

• Prohibition banning the production and sale of
  alcoholic beverages
• Womans Christian Temperance Union promoted
  goal of prohibition mandate to DO EVERYTHING
• Carry Nation used hatchet in saloons to destroy
  bottles of liquor

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CREATING ECONOMIC REFORM

• Muckrakers journalists who wrote about the
  corrupt side of business and public life.
• Their stories were mass circulated in magazines
  and newspapers
• Ida Tarbell History of the Standard Oil Company
  expose corruption of John D. Rockefeller
  published in McClures magazine
• Muckrakers fought corporate and government
  corruption

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FOSTERING EFFICIENCY

• Frederick Winslow Taylor promoted concept of
  Scientific Management
• Goal was to make production simpler and easier by
  applying scientific principles
• Time and motion studies used to reform work and
  form basis of modern management

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• Ford Motor Company used time and motion studies
  to increase production
• Assembly Line introduced by Ford to make
  workers perform tasks quicker

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CLEANING UP GOVERNMENT

• STATE REFORM
• Robert LaFollette reform governor of Wisconsin
  Republican
• Focused on Railway reform
• Taxes the same as other businesses
• Commission to regulate rates
• No free passes to state officials

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• Protecting Workers
• Efforts to ban child labor failed due to the
  Supreme Court declaring laws unconstitutional
• Serious health problems for adults and children
• Underweight
• Stunted growth
• Curvature of the spine
• Bronchitis
• Tuberculosis
• Physical and mental fatigue

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ELECTION REFORM

• Initiative a bill originated by people rather
  than lawmakers
• Referendum a vote by the people on an
  initiative
• Recall voters can remove an elected official
  before term is over
• Direct Primary voters instead of the political
  machine choose candidates for public office

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Election Reform continued

• Australian Ballot a secret ballot - adopted in
  1888 in Louisville, KY to protect voters from
  being intimidated - it is standard now
• 17th Amendment provides for the direct election
  of Senators removed the selection from the
  state legislatures