Violence against Women in Kazakhstan

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Violence against Women in Kazakhstan

• National Commission on Family and Womens Affairs
  under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan
• UNFPA
• Centre for the Study of Public Opinion
• Almaty, 2000

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Introduction

• A societys culture as the set of values changes
  slowly. Men still occupy the dominant position in
  many socially significant spheres. In the
  legislation of the majority of countries,
  including Kazakhstan, equality of men and women
  is secured. Kazakhstan societys understanding of
  the necessity to solve the problem of womens
  inequality is evidence of its maturing, not only
  on the governmental level but also on the civil
  level. However, there are obvious inequalities,
  and the most outrageous manifestation of
  inequality and instrument of inequality is
  violence against women

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The objective of survey

• To understand the nature and scope of the
  phenomenon of violence against women in
  Kazakhstan
• To better understand the problem of violence in
  society
• To raise public awareness of the problem
• To develop and implement informational and
  educational programmes, activities to help women
  exposed to violence

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Subject of the surveywhat is violence against
women?

• any act of violence, committed on the basis of
  sexual difference, which causes or may cause
  physical, sexual, or psychological harm or
  suffering to women, as well as threats to commit
  such acts, coercion, or arbitrary deprivation of
  freedom in the public or personal sphere.
• Declaration on Elimination of Violence
  against Women, Resolution 48/104 of the General
  Assembly, December 20, 1993

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Subject of the surveywhat is violence against
women? (contd)

• Violence is the use of physical force against
  someone
• Coercion of someone, or infringement of personal
  freedom
• Oppression, lawlessness
• Russian Encyclopaedic Dictionary by S. I.
  Ozhegov definitions of the word violence

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Understanding the nature

• problem of violence in the context of inequality
  between men and women
• ? violence against women is one of the main
  social mechanisms, which forces women to take a
  subordinate position to men in the society
• conflict nature of violence
• - violence finalises the clash of interests
• - discord
• - conclusion of the conflict
• - a way to resolve conflicts

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Factors determining the scope of violence in
conflict resolution, incl. family conflicts (by
Lewis Coser)

• The greater the inequality of power between the
  parties of a conflict, the less probability that
  there will be attempts to look for alternative
  (non-violent) means to resolve a conflict.
• The more the conflict is related to unreal
  controversial issues (false interests), the more
  emotions are elicited and the more acute the
  conflict becomes.

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Factors determining the scope of violence in
conflict resolution, incl. family conflicts (by
Lewis Coser, contd)

• 3. The more an inter-group conflict touches upon
  basic values and central controversial problems,
  the more acute the conflict is.
• 4. The more relationships are based on functional
  interdependence (here, the more family life
  depends on the spouses actions), the higher the
  likelihood that means will be found to resolve
  the conflict and the milder the conflict will be.

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Multi-faceted approach required for investigation
of violence against women

• Evaluation of the scope of this phenomenon
• Search for factors that either contribute to or
  prevent violence
• Evaluation of consequences of violence against
  women
• Evaluation of the attitude of women towards
  organisations, which are supposed to either
  prevent violence or lessen its consequences.

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Survey methodology

• The survey was conducted from
• 16 November 1999 to 10 December 1999
• 1,500 standard (face-to-face) interviews among
  women aged 16-54, able of work
• Confidence level - 0,95.
• Sample error - 2,6

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Sampling Principles

• The number of interviews conducted in each region
  was calculated based on the number of people
  living in the region
• Within regions surveyed locations were selected
  and the number of interviews to be conducted in
  each location was determined based on statistical
  data on population distribution by settlement
• Based on statistic data, age quotients were
  calculated for each survey location

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Survey results sequence of presentation

• Womens perception of problem of violence
• Violence against women can be classified by the
  source of violence
• - strangers,
• - relatives,
• - colleagues, etc.

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