Digital Video over Next Generation Internet

1
Digital Video over Next Generation Internet

• Hyun-chul Kim
• hckim_at_cosmos.kaist.ac.kr
• Korea Advanced Institute of Science and
  Technology
• 2003.1.22(Wed)

2
Table Of Contents

• The Networks
• Advanced Applications
• Digital Video Future Killer Application ?
• Digital Video Technologies
• What are people doing with these technologies?
• Challenges and Opportunities
• Digital Video over Next Generation Internet
• APAN-KR Digital Video Network
• Concluding Remarks
• References

3
The Networks
4
APAN Objectives Chon 01B

• Advanced Networking for Asia-Pacific
• Research Development for Advanced Applications
  and Services
• Advanced Networking Environment for Research
  Community
• International Collaboration

5
Asia-Pacific Advanced Network Chon 01B
6
KOREN
7
Advanced Applications ?
8
Applications Chon 01A
Basic Service Advanced Service
EMail File Transfer Transaction
Telnet Video/Audio News WWW
9
Whats the Killer Application for APAN/KOREN and
Internet2 ?
VisiCalc ?electronic spreadsheets on
PCs Mosaic? World Wide Web Napster ?
Peer-to-Peer Computing Digital Video in some
form ? expected to change . How we teach,
learn, collaborate, and conduct research in
Higher education Hanss 01
10
Digital Video The Situation Hanss 01B

• Equipment is getting cheaper (production to
  delivery)
• Hardware and software are getting easier to use
• Video quality is improving
• IP-based delivery focus (versus ATM)
• Many standards are still being resolved
• Best practices are emerging
• Range of options means theres no one solution
• Significant international cooperation

11
Uses for Digital Video

• Videoconferencing
• Streaming video
• Live, Scheduled or On-demand
• 1-to-1 or 1-to-N

12
Digital Video Technologies
13

Technologies

• H.323
• VRVS
• MPEG1, MPEG2, MPEG4
• MJPEG
• IEEE1394 DV/Firewire
• Access Grid
• VIC/VAT/RAT

14
H.323

• Recommended for audio, video over best-effort
  packet switched networks
• Emerged from the telecommunications industry
• Point-to-Point and Multipoint videoconferences
• Enables collaboration - shared whiteboard, etc
• TCP for control, UDP for audio, video, status

15
VRVS (Virtual Rooms Videoconferencing System)

• General Observations
• Client agnostic video conference system
• Vic/rat, existing H.323 clients, Minerva MPEG2
• Developed and started to be deployed in Physics
  community (CERN, Caltech, )
• Comparison to H.323
• Uses same video/audio codecs (at initial phase)
• Software reflector versus hardware gatekeeper
• Windows, Unix clients available, Mac receivers
• Easily extensible (open source code)

16
VRVS example
17
MPEG-1

• General Observations
• 1-2 Mbps, free streaming clients available for
  broadcast VODs from various vendors
• Many PCs have built-in MPEG1 decoding
  capabilities
• Appliances available
• Comparison to H.323
• Video quality better than H.323, worse than VHS
  quality video
• Cost per sending station usually more than H.323
• Some interoperability between products but no
  standards govern transport like H.323

18
Screen Shot(1)MPEG1 Live Broadcast and VOD
19
MPEG1 Traffic Measurement

• Measured at SA Lab. Gateway (gw.kaist.kr.apan.net)
  
• Daily Graph (2001.10.24)

MPEG1 Multicast Traffic 1.5Mbps

• Weekly Graph (2001.10.172001.10.24)

MPEG1 Multicast Traffic 1.5Mbps
20
MPEG-2

• General Observations
• Broadcast quality video with audio for
  high-quality video and digital television
• 3-15 Mbps (_at_ Main Level)
• No free streaming clients
• Expensive Hardware (10-25K per node)
• Interoperability between vendors non-existent
• Comparisons
• Better than VHS quality
• Camera Quality is VERY IMPORTANT with MPEG2
• Its wonderful when it works

21
MPEG-2 Traveling Node (Internet2)
22
10Mbps MPEG2 Traffic Measurement

• Measured at SA Lab. GW (gw.kaist.kr.apan.net)
• Daily Graph (2001.10.25)

MPEG2 Multicast Traffic 10Mbps

• Weekly Graph (2001.10.182001.10.25)

MPEG2 Multicast Traffic 10Mbps
MPEG1 Multicast Traffic 1.5Mbps
23
6Mbps MPEG2 Traffic measurement

• KAIST MRTG graph
• Daily Graph (10.3111.1)

Weekly Graph (10.2511.1)
24
MPEG-4

• Goal to make low-bit rate multimedia data
• Good quality video/audio with lower bandwidth
• Near-DVD quality at 700K2 Mbps
• Began July 1993 / Release February 2000
• Apple Quicktime 6 and WMT 9 based on MPEG4

25
Screen shot APAN-KR TV multicasting, 2002.11.20
(Korea vs Brazil Soccer A match)

• 640X480X30 fps, at 1.5Mbps, using (MPEG4-based
  WMT) CastBox Overlay Multicast system
• 300400 clients for a few hours

26
MJPEG

• General Observations
• 5-10 Mbps, video quality similar to MPEG2
• Cheap Hardware but you gotta roll your own
• Both software hardware decoding clients are
  currently available from Berkeley
• http//www.openmash.org
• http//bmrc.berkeley.edu/delco/rtpvb (RTPtv)
• Comparisons
• Great video, inexpensive, multipoint support
• Deployed today at Berkeley to support teaching
• Still work-in-progress, requires bandwidth

27
IEEE1394 (Firewire) DV

• General Observations
• Uses IEEE1394(Firewire) device interface
• 30Mbps, video quality better than MPEG2
• No encoding/decoding delays at PCs ? SDTV-quality
  interactive DV system
• http//www.sfc.wide.ad.jp/DVTS
• Promise of inexpensive high quality nodes
• COTS(commercial off-the-shelf) DV camera,
  player, firewire boarded PCs/Notebooks
• Cheap Hardware, available on
• FreeBSD, NetBSD, Linux, MacOS X, and
  Windows
• Multicasting ?
• Manual/Adaptive Frame Rate control?
  (full/half/quarter, depending on available
  bandwidth)

28
Equipments for Firewire DVJung 01
1394 cable(4-6 pin)
1394 card(FireBird EZ)
??? 1394 port
29
DV Transport System Ogawa 01
Consumer DV Camera
Consumer DV Deck
IEEE1394 Cable
IEEE1394 Cable
Internet
DV?Internet PC
Internet ?DV PC
30
DV Transport System
Consumer DV Camera
Consumer DV Deck
IEEE1394 Cable
IEEE1394 Cable
Internet
DV?Internet PC
Internet ?DV PC
31
DV Transport System
Consumer DV Camera
Consumer DV Deck
IEEE1394 Cable
IEEE1394 Cable
Internet
DV?Internet PC
Internet ?DV PC
32
DV/Firewire Experiments Jung 01

• IPv4 unicast test between Chonnam Univ.
  (Gwang-ju, about 250KM away from Daejeon) and
  KAIST(Daejeon) 2001. 5
• CNU DVTS sender -gt KAIST receiver
• dvsend h 192.249.24.39 I ohci0
• dvrecv

33
DV/Firewire on Windows Sul 01
34
Firewire DV Traffic measurement

• KAIST MRTG graph

35
Access Grid Hanss 01C

• General Observations
• Group to group collaboration, persistent
  electronic presence, Internet Café
• 4 Video inputs per node, virtual rooms
• Multicast required!! (10-20 Mbps for a meeting)
• COTS technology - _at_ 40K for a node
• Comparisons
• Video/Audio quality about same as or better than
  H.323
• Continuous, Multipoint presence is useful!!

36
Mobile Access Grid Node
Source Argonne National Laboratory
37
Access Grid Look and Feel
Source Argonne National Laboratory
38
Access Grid Look and Feel
Source Argonne National Laboratory
39
An Access Grid Room

• Considerations include room size projector,
  microphone, speakers, and camera placement
  ambient noise

Source Argonne National Laboratory
40
An Access Grid Room Components
RGB Video
DisplayComputer
NETWORK
Video CaptureComputer
NTSC Video
AudioCaptureComputer
Analog Audio
Control Computer
EchoCanceller
Source Argonne National Laboratory
41
Access Grid Look and Feel
Source Argonne National Laboratory
42
Internet HDTV

• Why Studio-quality HDTV over Internet?
• Because We Can! -)
• Gbps-level High bandwidth application
• Studio-quality compressed HDTV stream 270Mbps
  (122GB/hour)
• Fully Uncompressed HDTV stream 1.5Gbps
  (675GB/hour) ? no encoding/decoding delays
  (interactive applications)
• Jointly developed by Tektronix, USC ISI, and UW.
• http//www.researchchannel.org/tech/ihdtv.asp

43
270 Mbps Internet HDTV Demo. between Stanford and
University of Washington (1999.9.22)
44
Digital Video Technologies and Products
H.323 MPEG-1 MJPEG, MPEG4 MJPEG, MPEG4 MPEG2 1394 DV
(Typical) Resolution 352X288 352X240 352X240 640X480(VGA) 720X480(SDTV) 640X480(VGA) 720X480(SDTV) 720X480(SDTV)
Bandwidth 128Kbps1Mbps 12Mbps 12Mbps 215Mbps 215Mbps 30 Mbps
Appliances Polycom, RadVision, VCON, Zydracon, .. (2,00015,000) Provided by MPEG-2 products Or in-between Provided by MPEG-2 products Or in-between Minerva, CAMVision-2, REIMAY BOX (20,00060,000) 150300ms Delay Minerva, CAMVision-2, REIMAY BOX (20,00060,000) 150300ms Delay N/A
Servers Multiple Control Unit (15,000100,000) Provided by MPEG-2 products Or in-between Provided by MPEG-2 products Or in-between IBM VideoCharger CISCO IP/TV 310 sec. Delay 2,000(S/W only) 200,000 (H/W) IBM VideoCharger CISCO IP/TV 310 sec. Delay 2,000(S/W only) 200,000 (H/W) PC DV Camera or DV Recorder Deck 2,0005,000
For PCs USB-based PC Cameras (201,000) , Free MS NetMeeting Provided by MPEG-2 products Or in-between Provided by MPEG-2 products Or in-between Optibase cards (5,00020,000), Reimay SDK (10,000, no delay) Optibase cards (5,00020,000), Reimay SDK (10,000, no delay) No encoding cards, no delays (no compression)
45
So, What Are People Doing with These Technologies?
46
Digital Video Applications

• Video Conferencing and Streaming
• Remote Lecture/Seminar
• Music Teaching (Master Class)
• Virtual Concert (Halloween Concert)
• Virtual Conference (Megaconference)
• Remote Instrument Observation and Control
  (telescope, microscope, )
• High-quality Internet TV/Video Portal
• Research Channel
• C-SPAN Broadcasting
• APAN-KR TV and Video Archive
• Visual History Foundation
• Animations and Immersive Environments
• Telecubicle (Office of the Future?)
• And A LOT more..

47
APAN-KR Digital Video Network

• Goal
• Experiment, Evaluate and Deploy Advanced Digital
  Video Technologies and Applications on Next
  Generation Internet in Korea/Asia-Pacific.
• As a basis for Research/Engineering
  Cooperation/Collaboration among APAN(-KR) members
• Technology/Knowledge Transfer
• Fill-up and make congestions on current
  high-bandwidth network!!
• to justify and request higher-capacity domestic
  network backbone, as well as international
  links,. Say, We need more bandwidth!! -)

48
APAN-KR Digital Video Network Major
Appllications

• Video Conferencing Network
• Tools testing, evaluation and deployment
• H.323-based clients and MCU
• VRVS clients and reflector
• Others (Mbone tools, Isabelle, )
• 40Gbps backbone and Gbps Access Network ? Lets
  move to Firewire DV, rather than H.323 from now
  on.
• Distance Education
• MPEG-1/MPEG-2/Firewire DV
• Remote Seminar/Workshop/Class Experiments (2001
  Fall)
• Now considering/evaluating MPEG-4
• Video Archive
• MPEG-1/MPEG-2/RealVideo
• Others (being formed and proposed)
• Cyber Performance Project, Internet TV,

49
Remote Lecture/Seminar KAIST CS540 Network
Architecture
Web Presentation
MPEG1 Live
50
Virtual Classroom experiment(KAIST CS540 Network
Architecture)

• Live Broadcasting
• CISCO IP/TV, MPEG-1 (1Mbps) or MPEG-2 (10Mbps)
• 45 seconds of delay
• Interactive QA
• H.323-based tools (Microsoft NetMeeting, )
• 100ms lt Delay lt 500ms
• Mbone tools (vic, rat, wb, ) and VRVS
• Presentation Material
• Upload at course homepage before lecture begins
  and let audience access it remotely.
• VOD Archive
• Low-bandwidth (200Kbps) Real Video Server
• High-bandwidth (with CISCO IP/TV)
• 1.5 Mbps MPEG1 600MB/Hour
• 10Mbps MPEG2 5GB/Hour
• 400GB 80 X 1-hour MPEG2 movies

51
CS540 Class Live Broadcast System

Thrunet
CIRC GSR12012
1G
GNG
CISCO IP/TV Viewer
CISCO IP/TV Viewer (Chonnam Univ.)
1G
KAIST Network
1G
1G
KOREN
EE Dept. C6509
CISCO IP/TV Viewer
CS540 Lecture Room
1G
1G
Admin. Building C6509
CISCO IP/TV Server (Encode and Unicast Live Video
feed )
1G
155M
1G
CS Dept. C6509
SA Lab. GW
CISCO IP/TV Content Manager
100M
SAL Network
100M
CISCO IP/TV Server ( VOD Multicast Server)
Unicast Multicast
CISCO IP/TV Viewer
52
APAN-KR TV multicasting, 2002.11.20 (Korea vs
Brazil A match)

• 640X480X30 fps, at 1.5Mbps, using (MPEG4-based)
  WMT CastBox Overlay Multicast system
• 300400 clients for a few hours

53
APAN-KR TV Multicasting Network
(http//tv.kr.apan.net)
WMT Server Web Server
IPTV Server (?)
CastBoxCombo (Relay Manager)
Encoder
Source Network
CastBox Relay
KAIST SALAB
Commodity Internet
Encoder
KOREN
KJIST
CastBox Relay
CastBox Relay
CastBox Relay
Encoder
Encoder
CastBox Relay
Zooin Net
Encoder
Chonnam Univ.
Encoder
Chungnam Univ.
54
APAN-KR TV homepage
55
Cyber Performance Project (being formed and
proposed)

• Joint Project between APAN-KR Overlay Multicast
  WG and Ewha Womans Universitys Dance
  Performance Group.
• SDTV/HDTV quality real-time multicasting on
  KOREN.
• MPEG4-based SDTV quality (for lower-bandwidth
  users)
• Firewire DV (no delay, higher bandwidth)
• HDTV (option)
• Demonstration at APAN Busan Meetings? (2003 Aug.)

Neul-hwee dance performance group, Ewha Womans
Univ.
56
Digital Video over Next Generation Internet
Hanss 01A

• Advanced networks like APAN and Internet2 provide
  testbeds for these innovative uses of digital
  video.
• Colleges and universities are taking advantage of
  this opportunity by making significant
  investments in digital video applications.
• Research, teaching, and learning can all benefit
  from the uses of digital video in both
  collaboration and information dissemination.
• Although we cannot expect the technology to fully
  stabilize anytime soon, wise investments will
  lead to a better understanding of the future
  potential of video-based applications.

57
Concluding Remarks

• Great Environment for exploring the future
• Performance
• Collaboration
• Education
• Opportunities for both content providers and
  hardware /software vendors.
• Cooperation/Collaboration between
• Universities, Internet Service Providers, Content
  Providers and Digital Video Product Providers
• Domestic (APAN-KR) as well as International
  (APAN/Internet2) cooperation/collaboration is
  compelling!!
• As the bandwidth of International links have
  increased to multi-Gbps level.
• Lets Fill-up them and request more bandwidth
  proudly!! ?

58
References
Hanss 01 A Ted Hanss, Internet2 Digital
Video, VIDOS Advisory Committee, Oxford
University, Oxford, England, 2001.1.16 Hanss 01
B Ted Hanss, Internet2 Killer App or Dilberts
Nightmare?, in EDUCAUSE Review Volume 36, Number
3, May/June 2001. Hanss 01 C Ted Hanss,
Introduction to Access Grid, in EDUCAUSE 2001,
Indianapolis, IN, 2001.10.29 Riddle 01 Bob
Riddle, Looking over the H.323 Hill,
2001.5.9 Chon 01 A Kilnam Chon, Internet
Next Steps, KRNET 2001, 2001.6.27 Chon 01 B
Kilnam Chon, Asia-Pacific International
Connections Updates, CCIRN 2001,
2001.6.8-9 Ogawa 01 Akimichi Ogawa and Katsushi
Kobayashi, DV over IP, APAN/NLANR/I2 Joint Tech
Workshop, 2001. Jan. Jung 01 Kugsang Jung,
1394 Digital Video Reports, APAN-KR 2001 Fall
Meetings, 2001. 9.20 Sul 01 Hong-ki Sul, 1394
DV on Windows, APAN-KR 2001 Fall Meetings,
2001.9.20. Ahn 03 Sang-joon Ahn, Cyber
Performance Project, Cyber performance project
kickoff meeting, 2003.1.16.
59
References

• ViDe
  http//www.vide.net
• SURA
  http//www.sura.org
• ResearchChannel http//www.researchcha
  nnel.com
• VRVS
  http//www.vrvs.org
• NLANR
  http//www.nlanr.net
• DVTS
  http//www.sfc.wide.ad.jp/DVTS/
• Internet2 DVI http//dv.internet2
  .edu
• DV over NGI http//cosmos.kaist.ac.kr/salab/proje
  ct/hdtv
• APAN-KR Internet TV (Overlay Multicast WG)
  http//tv.kr.apan..net
• APAN-KR http//kr.apan.net
• For more information on APAN-KR Overlay Multicast
  WG and Internet TV network,
• please attend Multicast BoF (Thursday
  14001530, Room A)
• or contact WG chair, Joonbock Lee
  (jblee_at_cosmos.kaist.ac.kr)