Title: Marine Biology
1Marine Biology
Steven Mark Norris, Ph.D.
California State University Channel Islands
2(No Transcript)
3Oceans and
Land
4Exploitation and Extraction
5Recreation
6Education and Research
7Algae and oxygen
Weather
Climate
8Human Impacts
9Human Impacts
10Human Impacts
11Marine Science
a little history
12Chumash shell midden
Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes National Wildlife Refuge
13Shell Middens
14Alexander the Great and his bathysphere
15Aristotle
Aristotles lantern
16Polynesian Stick Chart
17Native American Whaling boat
18Dark and Middle Ages
19The Age of Exploration
20Voyage of the Beagle (1831-1836)
HMS Beagle
21Voyage of the Beagle (1831-1836)
22(No Transcript)
23Phillip Henry Gosse (1810-1888)
24Challenger Expedition (1872-1876)
25Challenger Expedition (1872-1876)
26(No Transcript)
27R/V Knorr
28Calypso
29Calypso in 2006
30Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute
31Scripps Institute of Oceanography
32Oregon Institute of Marine Biology
33(No Transcript)
34Biology
bio logia
study of life
35Marine Biology
study of marine life
36Western Science
Plato and Aristotle
Raphael, ca. 1510
The Vatican
37Middle Ages
Knowledge comes from authority and revelation
Mediaeval copy of Aristotles writings
38Renaissance - Age of Enlightenment
(starting1500s)
Knowledge comes from exploration, examination and
experimentation
An anatomy lesson
Rembrandt (1632)
39Natural Philosophy
Sir Isaac Newton (1643-1727)
Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
40Natural Philosophy
Let it not suffice to be book-learned, to read
what others have written and to take upon trust
more falsehood than truth, but let us ourselves
examine things as we have opportunity, and
converse with Nature as well as with books.
John Ray -- 1691
(1627-1705)
41The Scientific Method
42The Scientific Method
Aristotle (384-322 BC)
An example
Ptolemy (85-165 AD)
43The universe according to Aristotle and Ptolemy
44The universe according to Aristotle and Ptolemy
45Hereford Cathedral, England
46Mappi Mundi
Map of the world
ca. 1280
47Jerusalem
India
North
Greece
Italy
Britain
Africa
Spain
48Enter.
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543)
49Copernicus
On the movements of Heavenly bodies 1543
50The Copernican Universe
A model (hypothesis) based on examination of the
real world
--- but still with problems.
51Better data, and more refinements
Tycho Brahe (1546-1601)
Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)
52Brahe and Keplers universe
.struggling with the data and ancient authorities
53Galileo (1564-1642)
54Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727)
55Newtons Fluctions
56The current model that matches the data
57almost 2000 years
58The Scientific Method
59When Science and politics collide
Trofim Lysenko (1898-1976)
60A dark room
61The car wont start.
62Limitations of Science
63Ichthyology
64Ichthyology
65Ichthyology
66Ichthyology
National Museum of Natural History (Paris)
Natural History Museum (London)
Royal Museum of Central Africa (Belgium)
67Ichthyology
68Ichthyology
69Ichthyology
African electric catfishes
70Published Research