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Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage

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How certain hardware devices are used for backups and fault tolerance ... memory and flash storage devices (eg, SmartMedia, CompactFlash, or Memory Stick) ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage


1
Chapter 9
  • Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage

2
You Will Learn
  • How multimedia works on a PC
  • About multimedia devices such as sound cards,
    digital cameras, and MP3 players
  • About optical storage technologies such as CD and
    DVD
  • How certain hardware devices are used for backups
    and fault tolerance
  • How to install and troubleshoot multimedia and
    mass storage components

3
Multimedia on a PC
  • Goal
  • To create or reproduce lifelike representations
    of sight and sound
  • Challenge
  • Data storage is digital
  • Sights and sounds are analog

4
CPU Technologies for Multimedia
  • MMX, SSE, and 3DNow!
  • Improve speed of processing graphics, video, and
    sound
  • Use improved methods of handling high-volume
    repetition during I/O operations
  • Software must be written to use the specific
    capabilities

5
Multimedia Devices
  • Sound cards
  • Record sound, save it to a file on hard drive,
    play it back
  • Externally attached devices
  • Digital cameras
  • MP3 players

6
Stages of Computerized Sound
  • Digitize or input sound (analog to digital)
  • Includes sampling
  • Data is measured at a series of representative
    points
  • Sampling rate cycles per second, or hertz (Hz)
  • Store digital data in compressed data file
  • Reproduce or synthesize sound (digital to analog)

7
Sound Card Manufacturers
8
Installing a Sound Card
  • Physically install the card in an empty PCI slot
    on the motherboard
  • Install sound card driver
  • Install sound applications software

9
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10
Installing a Sound Card
11
Verifying Installation of a Sound Card and Driver
12
Digital Cameras
  • Scan field of image and translate light signals
    into digital values
  • Digital values can be stored as a file and
    viewed, manipulated, and printed with software
    that interprets them appropriately
  • Use TWAIN format for transferring images

13
A Flash RAM Card
14
Digital Camera Manufacturers
15
MP3 Players
16
MP3 Players
  • A device that plays MP3 files (a version of MPEG
    compression)
  • MP3 can reduce size of a sound file as much as
    124 without much loss in quality

17
Compression Methods Used with MP3 Players
  • MPEG (Moving Pictures Experts Group) standard
  • Tracks movement from one frame to the next and
    stores only what changes
  • Can yield compression ratio of 1001 for
    full-motion video
  • Cuts out or drastically reduces sound that is not
    normally heard by the human ear

18
MPEG Standards
  • MPEG-1
  • Used in business and home applications to
    compress images
  • MPEG-2
  • Used to compress video films on DVD-ROM
  • MPEG-3
  • Used for audio compression
  • MPEG-4
  • Used for video transmissions over the Internet

19
How MP3 Players Work
  • Play MP3 files downloaded from a PC, using
    internal memory and flash storage devices (eg,
    SmartMedia, CompactFlash, or Memory Stick)

20
MP3 Player Manufacturers
21
Video Capture Card
  • Captures input from a camcorder or directly from
    TV
  • Features to look for
  • IEEE 1394 (FireWire) port
  • Data transfer rates
  • Capture resolution and color-depth capabilities
  • Ability to transfer data back to digital
    camcorder or VCR
  • Stereo audio jacks
  • Video-editing software

22
Video Capture Card Manufacturers
23
Optical Storage Technology
  • Patterns of tiny pits on disc surface represent
    bits, which are readable by a laser beam
  • Major optical storage technologies
  • CD-ROM drives
  • Use CDFS (Compact Disc File System) or UDF
    (Universal Disk Format)
  • DVD drives
  • Use only UDF

24
CD-ROM
  • Read-only data physically embedded into disc
    surface
  • Surface laid out as one continuous spiral of
    sectors of equal length that hold equal amounts
    of data

25
CD-ROM
  • Used to distribute software and sound files
  • Combines constant linear velocity (CLV) and
    constant angular velocity (CAV)
  • Look for multisession feature
  • CD-ROM drives are read-only and slower to access
    than hard drives

26
CD-ROM Drive Manufacturers
27
CD-ROMs
  • Caring for CD-ROM drives and discs
  • Use precautions when handling
  • CD-ROM drive interface with motherboard
  • IDE interface (most common)
  • SCSI interface
  • Proprietary expansion card that works only with
    CD-ROMs from a particular manufacturer
  • Proprietary connection on sound card
  • Portable drive plug into external port on PC

28
Installing a CD-ROM Drive
29
Installing a CD-ROM Drive
30
CD-R and CD-RW
  • CD-R (CD-recordable)
  • Enables burning your own CDs
  • Cannot edit or overwrite
  • Bottom of disk is tinted (eg, blue, black) CDs
    are silver
  • Inexpensive
  • Can be read by all CD-ROM drives
  • CD-RW (CD-rewritable)
  • Allows overwriting old data with new data
  • Cannot always be read by older drives

31
DVD (Digital Video Disc)
  • Storage capacity
  • 8.5 GB (one side)
  • 17 GB (both sides)
  • Uses shorter wavelength laser than CD a second
    opaque layer also holds data
  • Uses MPEG-2 video compression requires MPEG-2
    controller to decode compressed data
  • Audio is stored in Dolby AC-2 compression

32
DVD Device
33
DVD Devices
34
DVD Drive Manufacturers
35
Installing a DVD Drive
36
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37
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38
DVD Decoder Card
39
Rear Panel of DVD Drive
40
Rear Panel of DVD Drive
41
Installing a DVD Drive
42
Installing a DVD Drive
43
Hardware Used for Backups and Fault Tolerance
  • On standalone PCs or small servers
  • Tape, Zip, and Jaz drives
  • Read-write CDs
  • In a business environment with PC connected to
    file server
  • Back up data to file server

44
Tape Drives
  • Advantages
  • Inexpensive and convenient
  • Large capacity
  • Several types and formats
  • Disadvantage
  • Sequential access

45
Tape Drive Manufacturers
46
How a Tape Drive Interfaces with a Computer
  • External
  • Parallel port
  • Internal
  • IDE ATAPI interface
  • External or internal
  • SCSI bus
  • Proprietary controller card or floppy drive
    interface

47
External Drive UsingParallel Port
48
An ATAPI IDE Tape Drive
49
Tapes Used by a Tape Drive
  • Full-sized data cartridges
  • Minicartridges

50
Several Tape Drive Standards
51
Tape Formats and Tape Types
  • Quarter-Inch Committee (QIC) or quarter-inch
    cartridge standards
  • Developed in 1983 only a few in use today
  • Travan by 3M
  • Different levels (TR-1 through TR-5), each based
    on a different QIC standard

52
Removable Drives
  • Can be internal or external
  • Increase overall storage capacity of a system
  • Make it easy to move large files from one
    computer to another
  • Serve as a convenient medium for making backups
    of hard drive data
  • Make it easy to secure important files

53
Removable Drives
  • Considerations when purchasing
  • Drop height
  • Half-life of the disk
  • Plug and Play compliance

54
Types of Removable Drives
  • Iomega 3½ Zip drive
  • Stores 100 MB or 250 MB of data
  • Drop height of 8 feet
  • SuperDisk by Imation or Maxell
  • Stores 120 MB or 240 MB, respectively
  • Backward compatibility with regular floppy disks
  • Iomega Jaz drive
  • Stores 1 GB or 2 GB of data
  • Drop height of 3 feet

55
Zip Drive
56
Installing a Removable Drive
  • Internal removable drive
  • Similar to installing a hard drive
  • External removable drive
  • Different process

57
RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks)
  • Data protection methods used to improve
    performance and/or automatically recover from a
    failure
  • Most often used on high-end, high-cost file
    servers

58
Common RAID Levels
59
RAID 0(Disk Striping without Parity)
  • Increases logical drive capacity by treating two
    or more drives as a single logical drive
  • Includes only one copy of data does not enable
    recovery from failure

60
RAID 1 (Disk Mirroring or Disk Duplexing)
  • Designed to protect data from hard drive failure
    by writing data twice, once to each of two drives
  • Disk mirroring
  • Two hard drives use same controller
  • Duplexing
  • Each hard drive has its own controller on its own
    adapter card

61
RAID 1 Disk Mirroring
  • Advantages
  • If either drive fails, data is safe on other
    drive
  • Disk reads are speeded up
  • Disadvantages
  • Expensive
  • Cuts hard drive capacity in half
  • Disk writes are slowed down

62
RAID 4(Disk Striping with Parity)
63
RAID 5 (Disk Striping with Distributed Parity)
  • Currently most popular RAID implementation
  • Provides optimum fault tolerance and improves
    drive capacity
  • Requires at least three hard drives
  • Distributes parity information over all the
    drives, thus removing performance bottleneck
    created by having a single parity drive (as in
    RAID 4)

64
Windows Support for RAID
65
Troubleshooting Guidelines
  • Do not touch chips on circuit boards or disk
    surfaces where data is stored
  • Do not stack components on top of one another
  • Do not subject them to magnetic fields or ESD

66
Problems with CD-ROM orDVD Installation
  • Computer does not recognize the drive (no drive D
    listed in Windows 9x Explorer)

67
Troubleshooting Sound Problems
  • Problem with sound card itself
  • Result of system settings
  • Bad connections

68
Troubleshooting Tape Drives
  • A minicartridge does not work
  • Data transfer is slow
  • Drive does not work after installation
  • Drive fails intermittently or gives errors

69
Chapter Summary
  • Multimedia devices
  • What they can do
  • How they work
  • How to support them
  • Storage devices installation and troubleshooting
  • CD
  • DVD
  • Removable drives
  • Tape drives
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