Tees Valley Resource Efficiency Club Half Day Workshop Water and Effluent Management

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Tees Valley Resource Efficiency Club Half
Day Workshop Water and Effluent Management
John Binns Senior Consultant Atkins
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Domestics

• Toilets
• Fire escapes/exits
• Fire alarm test
• Breaks tea/coffee

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Agenda

• Introduction
• Water and Effluent Management

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Water and Effluent Management
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Reducing Water Use

• Tracking Water Use to Cut Costs (GG152)
• Cost Effective Water Saving Devices Practices
  (GG67)
• Saving Money Through Waste Minimisation Reducing
  Water Use (GG26)

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How Much Can We Save?

• For sites that have not previously tried to save
  water, reductions of 20 in water and effluent
  bills are usually achievable at little or no
  cost. As much as 40, or more, might be
  achievable if projects with paybacks of up to two
  years are included

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How do we achieve water savings through resource
efficiency?

• Understand where water is used
• Understand how much it costs to buy
• Understand how much it costs to throw away

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Areas to Consider

• Look at
• Raw water (process water)
• Domestic water optimisation
• Industrial water optimisation
• Effluent treatment

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What Are The Barriers?

• Lack of...
• Resources
• Time
• Knowledge
• Money
• Fear of change

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Involving all members of staff

• At the beginning of the project
• site management
• the project team
• the team leader
• However, all employees have a contribution to
  make and this should be encouraged.

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Key Stages

• Start up commitment
• 2. Survey and develop water balance
• 3. Evaluate water saving options
• 4. Implement monitor

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Stage 1 Start-Up
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Start up

• Identify available information sources
• Get approval for resources
• Communicate with colleagues
• Work as a team

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Developing a clear, easily understood plan

• Without an effective plan
• not all the achievable savings are identified
• the exercise becomes a one-off purge
• ongoing savings are not pursued
• employees are not motivated to help
• implementation of ideas is difficult
• the programme loses momentum and disappears.

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Planning

• Scope
• The plan should state whether
• The whole site is to be addressed or just one
  part. Addressing the whole site has Advantages,
  but for a large site, one area or department
  could be selected for a pilot study.
• - Water only will be addressed or water and
  contaminants simultaneously.

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Planning

• Programme
• A timetable covering all the planned activities
  should be drawn up.
• The overall programme may last 12 months or more.
  Monthly
• milestones are therefore important.

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Systematic Water Minimisation

• Involving all members of staff from senior
  management to plant operators
• developing a clear, easily understood plan
• determining the true costs of water consumption
  and wastewater generation

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1m³ 1,000 litres 220 gallons IBC Containers
are typically 1m³
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What are the obvious costs?

• What are the obvious costs?
• Towns mains water up to 1/m3
• Domestic effluent disposal up to 1.20/m3
• Trade effluent disposal (See later!!)
• Therefore actual raw water and disposal
• costs vary from 2.20/m3 upwards

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True Costs Of Water

• Purchase price
• Disposal price
• Trade effluent charges
• Pumping costs
• Maintenance costs
• Capital costs
• Treatment costs
• Loss of valuable materials

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Stage 2 Water Balance
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Water Balance

• A simple water balance
• Based on a very simple concept what goes in must
  come out (somewhere)

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Why Produce a Water Balance?

• To understand and manage water effluent
  efficiently
• Identify opportunities for cost savings
• Detect leaks
• Aim to identify 80 of uses in the initial audit

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Inputs and Outputs Across the Site
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Consider All Areas of Usage

• In-process usage as a true raw material
• Transport water
• Cooling water
• Steam raising
• CIP
• General rinse/wash water
• Domestic usage

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How do we measure flow?

• Simple but effective
• Reading existing meters
• Bucket and stopwatch
• Calculate time and frequency
• More complex, eg flowmeter

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Keep Alert for

• Leaks in glands and seals
• Broken or corroded valves and flow meters
• Incorrectly set valves
• Open hoses left running
• Hidden overflows
• Leaking or dripping taps constantly flushing
  urinals
• Daytime / nightime activities

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What if it doesnt balance

• Discuss system changes with operations staff
• Check for recycled flows
• Review process assumptions and historical bills
• Check valves and settings
• Ask the nightshift

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REMEMBER - IF YOU DONT MEASURE IT YOU CANT
MANAGE IT!
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Survey of Water Distribution Systems and Points
of Use

• Unidentified connections
• Cross connections
• Broken valves
• Incorrectly set valves
• Leaks

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Survey of Water Use and Patterns

• Excessive or unnecessary use
• Unknown use
• Unauthorised use

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Survey of Effluent Discharges and Routes to Sewer

• Clean water discharges direct to effluent
• Unauthorised discharges to effluent
• Unnecessary surface water discharges to effluent
• Sources of potential failure of effluent
  discharge consents.

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Water Balance Examples

• ..\..\Refrence\TVREC Water\water balances.pdf

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Stage 3 Evaluation
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Stage 3 Evaluation Input flows

• Can we eliminate this?
• Can we reduce it?
• Could we use lower quality?
• Can it be recycled or reused elsewhere?
• Focus on the biggest uses first

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Domestic Water Savings

• Domestic water benchmark is 8m³/employee/annum
• Common to see 3 or 4 times this usage
• 100 employees _at_ 24m³ 2,400 m³ p.a. 2,400 m³
• Would save 1,600 p.a. moving to benchmark usage
• (Note Real cost can be double when
• taking into account sewage disposal)

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Which Devices to Consider?

• Cost Effective Water Saving Devices Practices
  (GG67)

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Before Considering Devices

• Agree
• Target for net savings
• Payback periods
• Consider
• How are savings to be estimated?
• What impact will savings have on costs?
• How much can be spent?
• How can appropriate water saving devices and
  practices be identified?

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Water Saving Practices Devices for Commercial
Sites

• Contents
• General Water Use
• Toilets
• Showers
• Gardening
• Laboratories
• Garages

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Toilets

• Flush control

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Showers

• Flow restriction

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Gardening

• Sprays/jets
• Automatic supply shut-off
• Abandon grass watering
• Minimise evaporation
• Rainwater collection

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Garages

• Spray Systems
• Water Reuse

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Common Techniques Easily Achievable
1. Waterless urinals 2. P.I.R detectors for
urinal flushing 3. Reduce toilet cistern flush
volume (6 litres recommended) 4. Spring
loaded/Spray head taps 5. Hosepipe trigger grips
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Funding
Enhanced Capital Allowance (ECA) See
http//www.eca-water.gov.uk Allows the capital
associated with certain water saving technologies
(water technology list) to be written off against
tax in one year.
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Technology List
C.I.P Membrane Systems Showers Taps Toilets
Flow Controllers Leakage Detection
Equipment Meters and monitoring
equipment Rainwater harvesting equipment
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Grey Water/Rain Water

• Collect and store sink washing possibly
  rainwater and surface water
• Use for toilet flushing
• Displace equivalent towns mains water
• Only really cost effective in new build
• Available under ECA

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Stage 3 Evaluations Outputs

• Do we have to produce this?
• Why does this clean water go to drain?
• Can we use it elsewhere?
• Would onsite treatment be viable?
• Is this discharge legal?

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Effluent Disposal Options
Recycle and optimise within the
process Discharge untreated trade effluent to
trade effluent sewer Discharge domestic
effluent to domestic sewer Pre-treat effluent
and discharge to trade effluent sewer Fully
treat effluent and recycle Fully treat and
discharge to surface water
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Effluent Disposal Options

• Recycling and re-use
• As required by BAT (and driven by cost)
• Water and solids recycling

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Effluent Disposal Options
2. Trade effluent discharge Monitored and
charged for by the local water company (Mogden
formula) Expensive and increasingly so Low
risk Pre-treatment may be sufficient to meet
consent/reduce risk
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Effluent Disposal Options
3.Direct surface water discharge High quality
required Low cost (EA banding charges) High
risk option Consider reservation charge
Full treatment required
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Trade Effluent Costings
Concept of urban wastewater treatment directive
(UWWTD) Concept of sewage works owned by plc
regulators (and hence need for profit) Concept
of cost increases significantly greater than
inflation Charges based on Mogden formula
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Effluent Disposal Costs
Effluent disposal costs Unit cost per m3
calculated according to the Mogden formula Three
variables Flow COD Suspended solids
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Mogden Formula

• C RV(Ot/Os)B(St/Ss)S

R reception and conveyance charge per m3 C
total cost .per m3 for treatment and disposal of
trade effluent V volumetric and primary
treatment charge C RV(Ot/Os)B(St/Ss)S B
Fixed biological treatment cost S Fixed solids
settlement cost Os and Ss are standard strengths
at the receiving works Ot and St are variable
strengths for the trade effluent
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Maintain Savings

• Departmental competitions
• Suggestion schemes
• Appointment of water wardens as the primary
  contact in each area of the site.

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Check your Bills
Who owns the water meter (Need for
calibration) Who reads the water meter (Avoid
estimates) Who pays the bill Is there a
Rateable Value charge Are allowances
adequate - evaporative losses - steam losses - in
product losses - discharges to surface water -
personnel numbers
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Stage 4 Implement Monitor
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Project Implementation maintaining Momentum

• Ongoing leadership to maintain positive attitudes
• Capital investment appraisal techniques/integrate
  into business plan
• Ongoing monitoring
• Communicate results throughout the organisation

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Achieving the benefits

• Appoint a champion
• Identify key players
• Identify motivational factors
• Understand how to overcome resistance
• Develop a strategy

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General motivation how to make resource
efficiency work

• Champion
• Personal and technical development
• Ownership and management
• Access to senior management
• Considered as part of improved company performance

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Motivating managers

• Senior Managers
• Reduced costs
• Reduced risks of prosecution and financial
  liabilities
• Improved company image
• Avoided reputational risks
• Help to combat supply chain pressures, (eg
  cost-down)

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Motivating staff

• Operators
• Personal recognition
• Attributed savings
• Working within a greener company
• Possible financial rewards - link to suggestion
  schemes

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Examples of resistance

• Its going to cost money
• Negativity It wont work its a waste of time
• It cant be done any other way weve always
  done it this way
• Nobody will get involved

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How to Overcome Resistance

• Resource management saves money, typically
• 1-3 of turnover
• 5-15 of energy and water costs
• 5-10 of the true cost of waste
• Avoids potential pollution prosecution
• Examples case studies prove it works!
• All staff can identify with improving the
  environment improved team working and culture

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Develop a Communication Strategy

• What do you want to achieve?
• Who can assist?
• How can you motivate people?

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Methods of Communication

• E mail
• Notice boards/white boards
• Newsletters
• Memos
• Posters/stickers
• Intranets
• Presentations
• Item at regular team meetings
• Annual reports

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Communication Formats

• Text
• Pictures/cartoons
• Graphs
• Presentations

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Remember

• Use a method specific for your audience to get
  your point across
• Use a suitable medium to relay the message
• Be aware of the environmental implications
• Be prepared to change your approach

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Site review and action planning

• Review opportunities
• Use of costs data and process mapping to identify
  priorities
• Develop a draft action plan
• Review and continue to assess opportunities
• Project management
• Consider an environmental management system

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Useful Websites
www.netregs.gov.uk www.envirowise.gov.uk www.eca-
water.gov.uk www.environment-agency.gov.uk www.def
ra.gov.uk
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Contact Details

• John Binns
• Senior Consultant
• 0191 2235230/ 0780 3260217
• john.binns_at_atkinsglobal.com