Title: Tees Valley Resource Efficiency Club Half Day Workshop Water and Effluent Management
1Tees Valley Resource Efficiency Club Half
Day Workshop Water and Effluent Management
John Binns Senior Consultant Atkins
2Domestics
- Toilets
- Fire escapes/exits
- Fire alarm test
- Breaks tea/coffee
3Agenda
- Introduction
- Water and Effluent Management
4Water and Effluent Management
5Reducing Water Use
- Tracking Water Use to Cut Costs (GG152)
- Cost Effective Water Saving Devices Practices
(GG67) - Saving Money Through Waste Minimisation Reducing
Water Use (GG26)
6How Much Can We Save?
- For sites that have not previously tried to save
water, reductions of 20 in water and effluent
bills are usually achievable at little or no
cost. As much as 40, or more, might be
achievable if projects with paybacks of up to two
years are included
7How do we achieve water savings through resource
efficiency?
- Understand where water is used
- Understand how much it costs to buy
- Understand how much it costs to throw away
8Areas to Consider
- Look at
- Raw water (process water)
- Domestic water optimisation
- Industrial water optimisation
- Effluent treatment
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10What Are The Barriers?
- Lack of...
- Resources
- Time
- Knowledge
- Money
- Fear of change
11Involving all members of staff
- At the beginning of the project
- site management
- the project team
- the team leader
- However, all employees have a contribution to
make and this should be encouraged.
12Key Stages
- Start up commitment
- 2. Survey and develop water balance
- 3. Evaluate water saving options
- 4. Implement monitor
13Stage 1 Start-Up
14Start up
- Identify available information sources
- Get approval for resources
- Communicate with colleagues
- Work as a team
15Developing a clear, easily understood plan
- Without an effective plan
- not all the achievable savings are identified
- the exercise becomes a one-off purge
- ongoing savings are not pursued
- employees are not motivated to help
- implementation of ideas is difficult
- the programme loses momentum and disappears.
16Planning
- Scope
- The plan should state whether
- The whole site is to be addressed or just one
part. Addressing the whole site has Advantages,
but for a large site, one area or department
could be selected for a pilot study. - - Water only will be addressed or water and
contaminants simultaneously.
17Planning
- Programme
- A timetable covering all the planned activities
should be drawn up. - The overall programme may last 12 months or more.
Monthly - milestones are therefore important.
18Systematic Water Minimisation
- Involving all members of staff from senior
management to plant operators - developing a clear, easily understood plan
- determining the true costs of water consumption
and wastewater generation
191m³ 1,000 litres 220 gallons IBC Containers
are typically 1m³
20What are the obvious costs?
- What are the obvious costs?
- Towns mains water up to 1/m3
- Domestic effluent disposal up to 1.20/m3
- Trade effluent disposal (See later!!)
- Therefore actual raw water and disposal
- costs vary from 2.20/m3 upwards
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23True Costs Of Water
- Purchase price
- Disposal price
- Trade effluent charges
- Pumping costs
- Maintenance costs
- Capital costs
- Treatment costs
- Loss of valuable materials
24Stage 2 Water Balance
25 Water Balance
- A simple water balance
- Based on a very simple concept what goes in must
come out (somewhere)
26Why Produce a Water Balance?
- To understand and manage water effluent
efficiently - Identify opportunities for cost savings
- Detect leaks
- Aim to identify 80 of uses in the initial audit
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28Inputs and Outputs Across the Site
29Consider All Areas of Usage
- In-process usage as a true raw material
- Transport water
- Cooling water
- Steam raising
- CIP
- General rinse/wash water
- Domestic usage
30How do we measure flow?
- Simple but effective
- Reading existing meters
- Bucket and stopwatch
- Calculate time and frequency
- More complex, eg flowmeter
31Keep Alert for
- Leaks in glands and seals
- Broken or corroded valves and flow meters
- Incorrectly set valves
- Open hoses left running
- Hidden overflows
- Leaking or dripping taps constantly flushing
urinals - Daytime / nightime activities
32What if it doesnt balance
- Discuss system changes with operations staff
- Check for recycled flows
- Review process assumptions and historical bills
- Check valves and settings
- Ask the nightshift
33REMEMBER - IF YOU DONT MEASURE IT YOU CANT
MANAGE IT!
34Survey of Water Distribution Systems and Points
of Use
- Unidentified connections
- Cross connections
- Broken valves
- Incorrectly set valves
- Leaks
35Survey of Water Use and Patterns
- Excessive or unnecessary use
- Unknown use
- Unauthorised use
36Survey of Effluent Discharges and Routes to Sewer
- Clean water discharges direct to effluent
- Unauthorised discharges to effluent
- Unnecessary surface water discharges to effluent
- Sources of potential failure of effluent
discharge consents.
37Water Balance Examples
- ..\..\Refrence\TVREC Water\water balances.pdf
38Stage 3 Evaluation
39Stage 3 Evaluation Input flows
- Can we eliminate this?
- Can we reduce it?
- Could we use lower quality?
- Can it be recycled or reused elsewhere?
- Focus on the biggest uses first
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41Domestic Water Savings
- Domestic water benchmark is 8m³/employee/annum
- Common to see 3 or 4 times this usage
- 100 employees _at_ 24m³ 2,400 m³ p.a. 2,400 m³
- Would save 1,600 p.a. moving to benchmark usage
- (Note Real cost can be double when
- taking into account sewage disposal)
42Which Devices to Consider?
- Cost Effective Water Saving Devices Practices
(GG67)
43Before Considering Devices
- Agree
- Target for net savings
- Payback periods
- Consider
- How are savings to be estimated?
- What impact will savings have on costs?
- How much can be spent?
- How can appropriate water saving devices and
practices be identified?
44Water Saving Practices Devices for Commercial
Sites
- Contents
- General Water Use
- Toilets
- Showers
- Gardening
- Laboratories
- Garages
45Toilets
46Showers
47Gardening
- Sprays/jets
- Automatic supply shut-off
- Abandon grass watering
- Minimise evaporation
- Rainwater collection
48Garages
- Spray Systems
- Water Reuse
49Common Techniques Easily Achievable
1. Waterless urinals 2. P.I.R detectors for
urinal flushing 3. Reduce toilet cistern flush
volume (6 litres recommended) 4. Spring
loaded/Spray head taps 5. Hosepipe trigger grips
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51Funding
Enhanced Capital Allowance (ECA) See
http//www.eca-water.gov.uk Allows the capital
associated with certain water saving technologies
(water technology list) to be written off against
tax in one year.
52Technology List
C.I.P Membrane Systems Showers Taps Toilets
Flow Controllers Leakage Detection
Equipment Meters and monitoring
equipment Rainwater harvesting equipment
53Grey Water/Rain Water
- Collect and store sink washing possibly
rainwater and surface water - Use for toilet flushing
- Displace equivalent towns mains water
- Only really cost effective in new build
- Available under ECA
54Stage 3 Evaluations Outputs
- Do we have to produce this?
- Why does this clean water go to drain?
- Can we use it elsewhere?
- Would onsite treatment be viable?
- Is this discharge legal?
55Effluent Disposal Options
Recycle and optimise within the
process Discharge untreated trade effluent to
trade effluent sewer Discharge domestic
effluent to domestic sewer Pre-treat effluent
and discharge to trade effluent sewer Fully
treat effluent and recycle Fully treat and
discharge to surface water
56Effluent Disposal Options
- Recycling and re-use
- As required by BAT (and driven by cost)
- Water and solids recycling
57Effluent Disposal Options
2. Trade effluent discharge Monitored and
charged for by the local water company (Mogden
formula) Expensive and increasingly so Low
risk Pre-treatment may be sufficient to meet
consent/reduce risk
58Effluent Disposal Options
3.Direct surface water discharge High quality
required Low cost (EA banding charges) High
risk option Consider reservation charge
Full treatment required
59Trade Effluent Costings
Concept of urban wastewater treatment directive
(UWWTD) Concept of sewage works owned by plc
regulators (and hence need for profit) Concept
of cost increases significantly greater than
inflation Charges based on Mogden formula
60Effluent Disposal Costs
Effluent disposal costs Unit cost per m3
calculated according to the Mogden formula Three
variables Flow COD Suspended solids
61Mogden Formula
R reception and conveyance charge per m3 C
total cost .per m3 for treatment and disposal of
trade effluent V volumetric and primary
treatment charge C RV(Ot/Os)B(St/Ss)S B
Fixed biological treatment cost S Fixed solids
settlement cost Os and Ss are standard strengths
at the receiving works Ot and St are variable
strengths for the trade effluent
62Maintain Savings
- Departmental competitions
- Suggestion schemes
- Appointment of water wardens as the primary
contact in each area of the site.
63Check your Bills
Who owns the water meter (Need for
calibration) Who reads the water meter (Avoid
estimates) Who pays the bill Is there a
Rateable Value charge Are allowances
adequate - evaporative losses - steam losses - in
product losses - discharges to surface water -
personnel numbers
64Stage 4 Implement Monitor
65Project Implementation maintaining Momentum
- Ongoing leadership to maintain positive attitudes
- Capital investment appraisal techniques/integrate
into business plan - Ongoing monitoring
- Communicate results throughout the organisation
66Achieving the benefits
- Appoint a champion
- Identify key players
- Identify motivational factors
- Understand how to overcome resistance
- Develop a strategy
67General motivation how to make resource
efficiency work
- Champion
- Personal and technical development
- Ownership and management
- Access to senior management
- Considered as part of improved company performance
68Motivating managers
- Senior Managers
- Reduced costs
- Reduced risks of prosecution and financial
liabilities - Improved company image
- Avoided reputational risks
- Help to combat supply chain pressures, (eg
cost-down)
69Motivating staff
- Operators
- Personal recognition
- Attributed savings
- Working within a greener company
- Possible financial rewards - link to suggestion
schemes
70Examples of resistance
- Its going to cost money
- Negativity It wont work its a waste of time
- It cant be done any other way weve always
done it this way - Nobody will get involved
71How to Overcome Resistance
- Resource management saves money, typically
- 1-3 of turnover
- 5-15 of energy and water costs
- 5-10 of the true cost of waste
- Avoids potential pollution prosecution
- Examples case studies prove it works!
- All staff can identify with improving the
environment improved team working and culture
72Develop a Communication Strategy
- What do you want to achieve?
- Who can assist?
- How can you motivate people?
73Methods of Communication
- E mail
- Notice boards/white boards
- Newsletters
- Memos
- Posters/stickers
- Intranets
- Presentations
- Item at regular team meetings
- Annual reports
74Communication Formats
- Text
- Pictures/cartoons
- Graphs
- Presentations
75Remember
- Use a method specific for your audience to get
your point across - Use a suitable medium to relay the message
- Be aware of the environmental implications
- Be prepared to change your approach
76Site review and action planning
- Review opportunities
- Use of costs data and process mapping to identify
priorities - Develop a draft action plan
- Review and continue to assess opportunities
- Project management
- Consider an environmental management system
77Useful Websites
www.netregs.gov.uk www.envirowise.gov.uk www.eca-
water.gov.uk www.environment-agency.gov.uk www.def
ra.gov.uk
78Contact Details
- John Binns
- Senior Consultant
- 0191 2235230/ 0780 3260217
- john.binns_at_atkinsglobal.com