The Development of Smart Grid in China

1

• The Development of Smart Grid in China
• --Concept, Emphasis and Progress
• Xuehao Hu
• China Electric Power Research Institute

2
Contents

• Introduction
• Concept
• Emphasis and Progress

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1. Introduction

• In the future, high quality power supply
  will play more and more important roles in the
  development of national economy of China,facing
  the following challenges
• (1) to fully meet the customers power demand
• (2) to ensure the safety and reliability of power
  supply
• (3) to improve the economy of power supply and
  save energy
• (4) to satisfy the restriction of environment
  protection
• (5) to guarantee the requirement of power quality
• (6) to adapt to the deregulation in power market

4
1. Introduction (cont.)

• build a strong and robust power grid is one of
  the key factors to face the challenges
  above-mentioned
• Smart grid is a new concept in the world, also in
  China
• It contains a lot of completely new and important
  technologies which will help to make great
  progress in future power grid development

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2. Concept

• Smart grid concept is emerged in recent years
  with various definitions.
• Generally, it involves
• high automation of power grid and substation
  equipments
• high integrated information and communication
  system with electricity infrastructure
• high dynamic real-time dispatching, monitoring
  and control system with advanced alarm,
  visualization technology
• power grid has self-healing capability
• controlled separation with interactive system
  restoration
• demand side management (DSM)
• distributed generation(DG) and micro-grid (MG)
• advanced metering infrastructure(AMI) system
  etc.
• In China, Smart Grid has no clear definition and
  has not been systematically studied, only in the
  very beginning of research.

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3. Emphasis and Progress

• Two principal points
• Because the power grid in China keeps the same
  pace with the high growing load and power
  generation(1015), power grid develops fast, a
  lot of new advanced technologies acquire
  application in power grid.
• Based on the fact that energy sources are far
  away from the load centers, currently, the
  emphasis of power grid development is put on the
  transmission network

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150 kV DC 2009 750 MW
500kV AC 2001 / 05 800 MW
500kV AC 2001 / 05 800 MW
National Grid
150 kV DC 2008 2750 MW
120 kV DC 2005 / 07 360 MW
120 kV DC 2009 760 MW
Northeast

• AC-interconnection NortheastNorth-central
  China
• DC interconnection

500 kV AC 2003 / 09 800 MW
North China
Northwest
500 kV DC 1989 / 09 4200 MW
CentralEast China CentralSouth
China CentralNorthwest Trans-regional capacity
11.4 GW
Tibet
East China
500 kV AC 2001 / 12 1200 MW
Central China
500 kV AC 2002 / 04 1000 MW
Taiwan
South China
500 kV DC 2004 / 02 3000 MW
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National Grid in 2020 (schematic diagram)
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Northeast

• UHVAC corridors connecting North and Central
  grids
• UHVAC synchronous grid interconnecting North,
  Central and East grids
• Including UHVAC and UHVDC Grid
• Expected capacity of UHVabove 200GW
• About 20 UHVDC projects

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North China
480
??????
480
??
????IV
??
????III
????
150
???
450
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????II
120
420
280
??
100
????I
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????V
??
300
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Northwest
240
????
300
????
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????
250
220
??
340
??
??
??
??
460
280
300
??
100
?????
??
??
300
260
Legend
??
360
???
????
400
??
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?????II
AC 500kV
??
??
???
300
???
160
???
AC 1000kV
??
????
330
270
270
800kV
???
450
???

AC 750kV
??
??
170
???
????
140
400
130
??
70
170
??
150
????
Tibet
470
??
260
300
170
300
100
????
Central China
440
????
??
220
290
??
??
??
????
??
240
300
??
150
??
??
360
????
300
??
????
280
??????
400
?????
200
270
????
??
450
??
280
??
300
???I?
360
380
??
East China
???II?
170
????
??
410
Taiwan
??
Yunnan
South China
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3. Emphasis and Progress (cont.)

• The relevant technologies of developing
  smart grid for transmission network focus on
• Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS)
  technology, such as TCSC, power flow controller
• Ultra high and extra high voltage DC(800, 500)
  and AC transmission system(1000kV,500kV, 220kV)

Phase shifterchange voltage angle
800kV UHV DC test line
TCSC---Change impedance
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3. Emphasis and Progress (cont.)

• The relevant technologies of developing
  smart grid for transmission network focus on
• Advanced real time dispatching and monitoring
  system with three dimension visualized effect is
  now developing
• Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS) using Phasor
  Measurement Unit (PMU) based on Global
  Positioning System (GPS) to improve the stability
  of power grids etc.
• SG 186 project, an information system integration
  project, launched by State Grid Corporation of
  China (SGCC) has obtained great progress, it
  will provide excellent service for future power
  grid planning, operation and management.

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WAMS in China

• Mostly installed in 500kV substation and power
  plant terminal station
• Totally more than 500 stations
• Mainly monitoring the power system
  condition(voltage, phase angle etc.)

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3. Emphasis and Progress (cont.)

• To realize the above targets, some advanced labs,
  such as power system simulation center, high
  power electronics lab, all digital simulation lab
  are built in China EPRI (China Electric Power
  Research Institute).

Power System Simulation Lab
High Power Electronic Testing lab
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3. Emphasis and Progress (cont.)

• Internet security protective system is now
  developing for avoiding the severe problem from
  the attack of hacker after information,
  communication and computer technology having been
  closely combined with electricity
  infrastructure--Cyber Security A Priority
  thingin depth information safety protective
  system for power grid is now building

Network transfer facility
Boundary of application area
Special net for power system dispatching
Key business area
Important business area
Power information net
Regular business area
Regular internet
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3. Emphasis and Progress (cont.)

• The technologies related to distribution
  network focus on
• network renovation to improve distribution
  automation, lower the loss of distribution
  network, improve the reliability of distribution
  network (cost hundreds billion of RMB yuan)
• Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) concept
  has not been built, but Automatic Meter Reading
  (AMR) is developing fast
• distribution generation (DG) application with
  various small generation units is now in
  progress, the total amount of DG capacity is
  small (less than 1)
• development of energy storage technologies, such
  as NAS battery and Redox Flow Battery
• Demand Side Management (DSM) for load management
  etc.

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• 10 kW Vanadium Redox Flow Battery cell has been
  developed successfully.
• ??10 kW??????????
• Integration and testing work for 100 kW Vanadium
  Redox Flow Battery cell is now in
  progress.??100kW???????????????
• Research on application characteristic test has
  been performed.???????????????????

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3. Emphasis and Progress (cont.)

• Some different points and ways to develop
  smart grid.
• In Western countries, the emphasis of developing
  smart grid is on the distribution grid, in China,
  the current emphasis is on the transmission grid.
• In USA and UK, DG burning natural gas has been
  developed very fast, but in China, it is
  developed slowly for short of fuel.
• In USA, Europe and Japan, the PV is mainly on the
  roof-top, in China it maybe mostly installed in
  desert area.
• In USA, the battery in Electric Vehicle (car) may
  used as energy storage means for house, in China,
  energy storage technologies, such as NAS battery
  and Redox Flow Battery, may be mostly installed
  in substations

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• Thank you
• for your attention!