Central Asia

1
(No Transcript)
2
Post-Soviet Central Asia
2000
1998

• A Personal Experience
• Daene McKinney

3
Central Asia
Some Statistics
Source CIA World Fact Book, 2006
http//www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/ind
ex.html
4
Aral Sea Basin

• Water Balance
• Inflow to sea 60 km³
• Rivers 50 km³
• Groundwater 5 km³
• Precipitation 5 km³
• Evaporation 60 km³
• Available to use 55 km³
• in the basin

• Surface Water Availability
• Average Year
• Amu Darya 78 km³
• Syr Darya 37 km³
• Total 115 km³

5
ARAL SEA
Not much change over 100 years, but then
6
Aral Sea 1989 - 2005
7
The Shrinking Aral Sea
8
Aral Sea Crisis

• 12 x maximum permitted DDT
• 3/4 of people suffer from illness
• 70 of fishermen are pre-cancerous
• 5 x death rate of former Soviet republics
• the environmental costs are so high that they
  go beyond the economic capacity of the newly
  independent republics in Central Asia.
• - The World Bank

9
Recent Water Balance
P
E
Northern Aral Sea
Inflow
Syr Darya
E
P
Will it dry up completely? Why or why not?
Southern Aral Sea
Inflow
Amu Darya
10
Aral Sea Basin StatesSome Statistics
11
Aral Sea Basin Flows (1989 2000)
Can irrigated agriculture be sustained while
minimizing environmental impacts?
12
Finding the Aral Sea
13
Finding the Aral Sea - 2
14
The Boats
15
Can you say Gydro-uzel?
16
Kazakhstan
17
Almaty(where we lived)
18
(No Transcript)
19
(No Transcript)
20
Astana - Ice City
21
Syr Darya Basin
Who should get the water? When? How can these
needs be balanced?

• Transboundary Water Resources
• Upstream Kyrgyzstan
• Water for electricity (heating) needed in winter
• Downstream Uzbekistan
• Water for irrigation needed in summer

22
Syr Darya Basin
Ag Prod.
Coal
Water
Keep Warm!
Water
Ag Prod.
Natural Gas
23
Kyrgyzstan
24
Kyrgyz Fuel Availability
USSR Breakup
25
Toktogul Reservoir
26
Toktogul Reservoir 1988-2000
27
Some Kyrgyz Sights
28
A computer lab in a Kyrgyz School
Bazarbai Mambetov
29
Central Asia Water Energy Round Table

• USAID supported
• Water and energy representatives of
• Kyrgyzstran, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
• Created by Governments to
• Develop treaty on Syr Dayra
• Develop country positions on issues
• Serve interests of all countries equally
• Identify directions agreeable to all countries
• Obtain advocacy for activities within each
  country
• Bring work to attention of Presidents

30
Tajikistan
31
(No Transcript)
32
(No Transcript)
33
(No Transcript)
34
Turkmenistan
35
(No Transcript)
36
(No Transcript)
37
(No Transcript)
38
Uzbekistan
39
(No Transcript)
40
(No Transcript)
41
(No Transcript)
42
Amirkhan Kenshimov
43
(No Transcript)
44
(No Transcript)
45
(No Transcript)
46
The Future
47
Any Questions?
No cameras allowed! KGB museum, Moscow, June 2000