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Introduction to Politics and Policy in the Sport Industry

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Title: Introduction to Politics and Policy in the Sport Industry


1
Introduction to Politics and Policy in the Sport
Industry
  • KINE 3490

2
Course InstructorPaul Jurbalajurbala_at_yorku.ca
3
Run into a policy today?
4
Issues in Contemporary Sport?
  • Physical inactivity epidemic
  • 2010 Winter Olympics funding issues
  • Ontarios solution for elementary schools 20
    minutes a day
  • GTA Pan-Am Games bid facilities
  • MLB and steroids the A-roid controversy

5
Definitions?
  • What is politics?
  • What is policy?

6
Beware Greeks bearing gifts
  • Polis the city-state
  • Polites "citizen"
  • Politeia "state, administration, government,
    citizenship"
  • Politics the art of government
  • Policy way of managing (a government
    or organization)

7
Politics
  • The means by which power is used to influence
    the nature and content of governmental
    activities. Giddens
  • the process by which groups of people make
    decisions
  • thus, may also apply to all human group
    interactions, including corporate, academic,
    religious, etc.

8
Government
  • a body that has the power to make and the
    authority to enforce rules and laws within a
    civil, corporate, religious, academic, or other
    organization or group
  • one defining characteristic of government?
  • how does it collects resources, such as money?
  • state governments collect taxes

9
State
  • a political apparatus (government institutions,
    such as court, parliament, civil service,
    officials) ruling over a given territory, whose
    authority is backed by the legal system and by
    the capacity to use force to implement its
    policies Giddens
  • that organization that has a monopoly on the
    legitimate use of physical force within a given
    territory, which may include the armed forces,
    civil service or state bureaucracy, courts, and
    police Weber

10
Power
  • the more or less unilateral ability (real or
    perceived) or potential to bring about
    significant change, usually in peoples lives,
    through the actions of oneself or of others
  • political power the ability to influence the
    behaviour of others with or without resistance
  • power can be seen as various forms of constraint
    on human action, but also as that which makes
    action possible, although in a limited scope (cf.
    Foucault)

11
SoWho has the right to govern us?Should we
just go along?What can we do to influence the
process?
12
What is Policy?
  • A set of decisions which are oriented towards a
    long-term purpose or to a particular problem
    (Sandford)
  • Intention to effect change over time
  • Reactive or pro-active
  • Specific to a jurisdictiona company, a city, a
    nation

13
What is Policy?
  • a deliberate plan of action to guide decisions
    and achieve defined outcome(s)
  • differs from legislation (law)
  • while law can compel or prohibit behaviors (e.g.
    a law requiring the payment of taxes on income)
    policy merely guides actions toward those that
    are most likely to achieve a desired outcome.
  • can be understood as political, management,
    financial, and administrative mechanisms arranged
    to reach explicit goals.

14
Policy
  • Stems from an issue
  • Reflects mission and values of an organization
  • Guides decision-making
  • Is intended to be enduring
  • Often intended to resolve existing problems
  • Policies are used as boundaries or maps

15
Good Policy is
  • Selectively developed and used by an organization
  • Written in clear and simple language
  • Subject to periodic review
  • Consistently enforced by the organization
  • Seen as fair and necessary by those affected by it

16
Bad Policy is
  • Arbitrary
  • Unchangeable (no review or horizon)
  • Inconsistently used, or inconsistent with mission
    or other policy
  • Onerous or discriminatory

17
Classifying Policy
  • Substantive vs Administrative
  • examples?
  • Vertical vs Horizontal
  • examples?
  • Proactive vs Reactive
  • examples?

18
Policy Development Cycle
CONTEXT STRATEGY
EVALUATION
DEFINE ISSUE
DECISION IMPLEMENTATION
ANALYSIS OPTIONS
CONSULTATION
19
Policy Development Cycle
CONTEXT STRATEGY
EVALUATION
DEFINE ISSUE
DECISION IMPLEMENTATION
ANALYSIS OPTIONS
CONSULTATION
20
Policy Development Cycle
CONTEXT STRATEGY
EVALUATION
DEFINE ISSUE
DECISION IMPLEMENTATION
ANALYSIS OPTIONS
CONSULTATION
21
Policy Development Cycle
CONTEXT STRATEGY
EVALUATION
DEFINE ISSUE
DECISION IMPLEMENTATION
ANALYSIS OPTIONS
CONSULTATION
22
Policy Development Cycle
CONTEXT STRATEGY
EVALUATION
DEFINE ISSUE
DECISION IMPLEMENTATION
ANALYSIS OPTIONS
CONSULTATION
23
Policy Development Cycle
CONTEXT STRATEGY
EVALUATION
DEFINE ISSUE
DECISION IMPLEMENTATION
ANALYSIS OPTIONS
CONSULTATION
24
The Sport Industry
25
Examples of Sport Organizations
  • Markham Sport Council (community)
  • Ontario Tennis Association (provincial)
  • Blue Jays (professional)
  • International Management Group (corporate)
  • RPD Promotions (event management)
  • Nike (sporting goods)
  • Goodlife Fitness (program or facility management)

26
(No Transcript)
27
Importance of Policy in Sport Organizations
  • Guides actions of members
  • Permits effective decision-making
  • Encourages consistency and fairness
  • Promotes ethical behaviour

28
In-Class Exercise
  • We all have policies or rules that govern our
    behaviour at work, home or school.
  • Describe one that affects your life.

29
About the course
30
Equal parts policy construction
31
and defense against the dark arts
32
Course Outline and Evaluation
  • Course Objectives
  • To develop an understanding of the policy
    development process and its application to the
    sport industry.
  • To understand the history, structure and function
    of the amateur sport system in Canada and to
    debate current policy issues.
  • To apply policy analysis and policy development
    skills.

33
Course Outline and Evaluation
  • March 5 Introduction to Course
    Reading Torjman
  • Review Lecture Schedule Hums MacLean
    (Ch 1)
  • Readings
  • What is Policy? Who makes it?

34
Course Outline and Evaluation
  • Evaluation Due Dates
  • 1. Policy Analysis Paper (25) March 26, 2009
  • 2. Test (35) April 16, 2009
  • 3. Policy Alternatives Paper (40) May 7, 2009
  • Mandatory attendance at group presentations of
    Policy Alternatives project May 7 and May 14.

35
The Projects
  • Policy Analysis Paper
  • Demonstrate understanding of policy the context,
    goals, outcomes, means of implementation and
    evaluation.
  • Independent.
  • Due March 26.
  • Policy Alternatives Project
  • Work with an organization to identify a policy
    need and propose a policy approach.
  • Paper plus presentation.
  • Groups of 5 or 6.
  • Due May 7.

36
For next week
  • Readings- classes 1 and 2 per course outline
    (Torjman Cdn Sport Policy Hums MacLean Ch 1,
    2, 3.)
  • Bring a newspaper article re sport policy
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