Title: Introduction to Politics and Policy in the Sport Industry
1Introduction to Politics and Policy in the Sport
Industry
2Course InstructorPaul Jurbalajurbala_at_yorku.ca
3Run into a policy today?
4Issues in Contemporary Sport?
- Physical inactivity epidemic
- 2010 Winter Olympics funding issues
- Ontarios solution for elementary schools 20
minutes a day - GTA Pan-Am Games bid facilities
- MLB and steroids the A-roid controversy
5Definitions?
- What is politics?
- What is policy?
6Beware Greeks bearing gifts
- Polis the city-state
- Polites "citizen"
- Politeia "state, administration, government,
citizenship" - Politics the art of government
- Policy way of managing (a government
or organization)
7Politics
- The means by which power is used to influence
the nature and content of governmental
activities. Giddens - the process by which groups of people make
decisions - thus, may also apply to all human group
interactions, including corporate, academic,
religious, etc.
8Government
- a body that has the power to make and the
authority to enforce rules and laws within a
civil, corporate, religious, academic, or other
organization or group - one defining characteristic of government?
- how does it collects resources, such as money?
- state governments collect taxes
9State
- a political apparatus (government institutions,
such as court, parliament, civil service,
officials) ruling over a given territory, whose
authority is backed by the legal system and by
the capacity to use force to implement its
policies Giddens - that organization that has a monopoly on the
legitimate use of physical force within a given
territory, which may include the armed forces,
civil service or state bureaucracy, courts, and
police Weber
10Power
- the more or less unilateral ability (real or
perceived) or potential to bring about
significant change, usually in peoples lives,
through the actions of oneself or of others - political power the ability to influence the
behaviour of others with or without resistance - power can be seen as various forms of constraint
on human action, but also as that which makes
action possible, although in a limited scope (cf.
Foucault)
11SoWho has the right to govern us?Should we
just go along?What can we do to influence the
process?
12What is Policy?
- A set of decisions which are oriented towards a
long-term purpose or to a particular problem
(Sandford) - Intention to effect change over time
- Reactive or pro-active
- Specific to a jurisdictiona company, a city, a
nation
13What is Policy?
- a deliberate plan of action to guide decisions
and achieve defined outcome(s) - differs from legislation (law)
- while law can compel or prohibit behaviors (e.g.
a law requiring the payment of taxes on income)
policy merely guides actions toward those that
are most likely to achieve a desired outcome. - can be understood as political, management,
financial, and administrative mechanisms arranged
to reach explicit goals.
14Policy
- Stems from an issue
- Reflects mission and values of an organization
- Guides decision-making
- Is intended to be enduring
- Often intended to resolve existing problems
- Policies are used as boundaries or maps
15Good Policy is
- Selectively developed and used by an organization
- Written in clear and simple language
- Subject to periodic review
- Consistently enforced by the organization
- Seen as fair and necessary by those affected by it
16Bad Policy is
- Arbitrary
- Unchangeable (no review or horizon)
- Inconsistently used, or inconsistent with mission
or other policy - Onerous or discriminatory
17Classifying Policy
- Substantive vs Administrative
- examples?
- Vertical vs Horizontal
- examples?
- Proactive vs Reactive
- examples?
18Policy Development Cycle
CONTEXT STRATEGY
EVALUATION
DEFINE ISSUE
DECISION IMPLEMENTATION
ANALYSIS OPTIONS
CONSULTATION
19Policy Development Cycle
CONTEXT STRATEGY
EVALUATION
DEFINE ISSUE
DECISION IMPLEMENTATION
ANALYSIS OPTIONS
CONSULTATION
20Policy Development Cycle
CONTEXT STRATEGY
EVALUATION
DEFINE ISSUE
DECISION IMPLEMENTATION
ANALYSIS OPTIONS
CONSULTATION
21Policy Development Cycle
CONTEXT STRATEGY
EVALUATION
DEFINE ISSUE
DECISION IMPLEMENTATION
ANALYSIS OPTIONS
CONSULTATION
22Policy Development Cycle
CONTEXT STRATEGY
EVALUATION
DEFINE ISSUE
DECISION IMPLEMENTATION
ANALYSIS OPTIONS
CONSULTATION
23Policy Development Cycle
CONTEXT STRATEGY
EVALUATION
DEFINE ISSUE
DECISION IMPLEMENTATION
ANALYSIS OPTIONS
CONSULTATION
24The Sport Industry
25Examples of Sport Organizations
- Markham Sport Council (community)
- Ontario Tennis Association (provincial)
- Blue Jays (professional)
- International Management Group (corporate)
- RPD Promotions (event management)
- Nike (sporting goods)
- Goodlife Fitness (program or facility management)
26(No Transcript)
27Importance of Policy in Sport Organizations
- Guides actions of members
- Permits effective decision-making
- Encourages consistency and fairness
- Promotes ethical behaviour
28In-Class Exercise
- We all have policies or rules that govern our
behaviour at work, home or school. - Describe one that affects your life.
29About the course
30Equal parts policy construction
31and defense against the dark arts
32Course Outline and Evaluation
- Course Objectives
- To develop an understanding of the policy
development process and its application to the
sport industry. - To understand the history, structure and function
of the amateur sport system in Canada and to
debate current policy issues. - To apply policy analysis and policy development
skills.
33Course Outline and Evaluation
- March 5 Introduction to Course
Reading Torjman - Review Lecture Schedule Hums MacLean
(Ch 1) - Readings
- What is Policy? Who makes it?
34Course Outline and Evaluation
- Evaluation Due Dates
- 1. Policy Analysis Paper (25) March 26, 2009
- 2. Test (35) April 16, 2009
- 3. Policy Alternatives Paper (40) May 7, 2009
- Mandatory attendance at group presentations of
Policy Alternatives project May 7 and May 14.
35The Projects
- Policy Analysis Paper
- Demonstrate understanding of policy the context,
goals, outcomes, means of implementation and
evaluation. - Independent.
- Due March 26.
- Policy Alternatives Project
- Work with an organization to identify a policy
need and propose a policy approach. - Paper plus presentation.
- Groups of 5 or 6.
- Due May 7.
36For next week
- Readings- classes 1 and 2 per course outline
(Torjman Cdn Sport Policy Hums MacLean Ch 1,
2, 3.) - Bring a newspaper article re sport policy