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Chapter 10 Software of a Computer System

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Increases effectiveness/efficiency of routine clerical work ... vector/bitmap graphic editing. audio/video editing. multimedia authoring. Web page authoring etc. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Chapter 10 Software of a Computer System


1
Chapter 10 Software of a Computer System
  • 10.1 Application Software 172
  • 10.2 System Software 174

2
10.1 Application Software
Chapter 10 Software
  • Application software
  • also called applications
  • Programs that perform tasks for users
  • A set of tools for completing a specific type of
    job
  • 1. Productivity Software
  • 2. Graphic and Multimedia Software
  • 3. Home, Personal and Educational Software
  • 4. Communication Software

3
Application Software 10.1.1 Productivity
software
10.1 Application Software
  • Productivity software
  • also called business software
  • Increases effectiveness/efficiency of routine
    clerical work
  • e.g. typing, calculation, charting, record
    handling, presentation and scheduling etc.
  • Including software for
  • Word processing
  • Spreadsheet
  • Accounting
  • Database
  • Presentation
  • Desktop publishing etc.

4
Application Software 10.1.2 Graphic and
multimedia software
10.1 Application Software
  • Graphic and multimedia software
  • Creating/editing multimedia elements
  • e.g. graphics, animation, sound and video
  • Including software for
  • computer-aided design
  • desktop publishing
  • vector/bitmap graphic editing
  • audio/video editing
  • multimedia authoring
  • Web page authoring etc.

5
Application Software 10.1.3 Home, Personal
and Educational Software
10.1 Application Software
  • Software for home users includes
  • home design
  • tax preparation
  • entertainment etc.
  • Software for personal use includes
  • personal finance
  • legal
  • personal information manager etc.
  • Software for educational use includes
  • CAI (computer-aided instruction)
  • CAL (computer-aided learning)
  • clip art/image gallery and encyclopedia etc.

6
Application Software 10.1.4 Communication
Software
10.1 Application Software
  • Communication software
  • Enable people to communicate and share
    information with others
  • Including
  • e-mail
  • Web browsers
  • chat rooms
  • newsgroups
  • instant messaging
  • FTP programs etc.

7
10.2 System Software
Chapter 10 Software
  • System software includes three types
  • 1. Operating System
  • 2. Utility Programs
  • 3. Driver Programs

8
System Software 10.2.1 Operating System (1)
10.2 System Software
  • Operating system (OS)
  • A set of programs
  • Controlling the operation of a computer system
  • Managing resources
  • Providing an interface between users and hardware
  • Without an OS, the programmer have to
  • handle ALL basic functions
  • e.g. displaying text on a screen, sending output
    to a printer or writing disk files

9
System Software 10.2.1 Operating System (2)
10.2 System Software
  • For the personal computers, the most popular
    operating systems are
  • Windows
  • MAC OS
  • Linux
  • IBM OS/2?
  • Functions of an OS
  • 1. Controlling the operations of a computer
    system
  • 2. Managing resources
  • 3. Providing an user interface
  • 4. Other tasks
  • 5. Time-sharing

10
Operating System10.2.1.1 Functions of an OS (1)
10.2.1 Operating System
  • 1. Controlling the operations of Hardware
  • An OS controls the operations of peripherals
  • (1) recognizing input from keyboard
  • (2) sending output to display
  • (3) keeping track of files and directories
  • (4) communicating with other computers.
  • An OS also controls the operation of CPU
  • (1) scheduling of programs
  • (2) allocating memory
  • (3) loading of the programs
  • (4) controlling program execution.

11
Operating System10.2.1.2 Functions of an OS (2)
10.2.1 Operating System
  • 2. Managing resources
  • An executing program is known as a process
  • Conflicts occur between processes
  • when two or more processes require the same
    resource (such as memory or printer)
  • Sometimes may lead to system crash
  • Solution OS handles all the requests and
    allocates the resources in an orderly manner to
    avoid crash and improve efficiency.
  • Multi-tasking
  • Load more than one program and switch from one
    program to another.
  • Through clipboard, data can be transferred
    between applications

12
Operating System10.2.1.3 Functions of an OS (3)
10.2.1 Operating System
  • 3. User interface
  • provide an environment for users to access
    various parts of the computer system easily
  • Two types of user interface
  • 1. Command line interface
  • 2. Graphical user interface

13
Operating System10.2.1.3 Functions of an OS (4)
10.2.1 Operating System
  • 1. Command line interface
  • Using text to give instruction to the OS
  • User need to memorise a lot of instructions
  • 2. Graphical User Interface (GUI)
  • Displays information in windows
  • User interacts with the interface using pointing
    device
  • Commands from users are issued by clicking
  • menu,
  • icons,
  • buttons or
  • other graphical objects.

14
Operating System10.2.1.3 Functions of an OS (5)
10.2.1 Operating System
  • The advantages of GUI are
  • (1) Intuitive, easy to use
  • (2) users need not learn a set of instructions to
    operate the system.
  • The disadvantages of GUI are
  • (1) Resource demanding
  • uses a lot of processing power, memory, and disk
    space
  • requires a good graphical display device
  • (2) Slow for the experienced users

15
Operating System10.2.1.4 Functions of an OS (6)
10.2.1 Operating System
  • Other tasks of an OS include
  • Monitoring performance
  • e.g. The memory and CPU usage. OS may warn users
    if the resources in the computer system get low.
  • Maintaining security
  • e.g. Allowing only authorised users to log on the
    system
  • Controlling the network
  • e.g. A File server controls access to a network
    and provides centralised storage area.
  • Communicating with other OS
  • e.g. A Web server may respond to computers with
    Windows or MAC OS

16
Operating System10.2.1.5 Functions of an OS (7)
10.2.1 Operating System
  • 5. Time sharing
  • For large systems,
  • e.g. Mainframe/Minicomputer
  • Suppose there are 100 users,
  • each given a time slice of 0.01 s to interact
    with CPU
  • i.e. each user is served 0.01 s in every second.
  • However, all of them will think that they have
    sole use of the computer!

17
System Software 10.2.2 Utility programs (1)
10.2 System Software
  • Utility programs (or utilities)
  • Allowing users to manage devices and programs
  • Should be run regularly
  • Some come with the OS
  • Examples
  • File viewer, File compression utility, Diagnostic
    utility, Uninstaller, Disk scanner, File
    defragmenter, Backup utility, Screen saver,
    Anti-virus program

18
System Software 10.2.2.1 Utility programs (2)
10.2.2 Utility Programs
  • 1. File viewers
  • Displaying lists of directories and files in
    storage
  • Copying, deleting and renaming files
  • Example
  • File Explorer included in Windows.

19
System Software 10.2.2.2 Utility programs (3)
10.2.2 Utility Programs
  • 2. File compression utilities
  • Reducing the size of a file
  • while keeping the content unchanged
  • So that
  • files take up less storage space
  • faster file transmission
  • Examples
  • WinZip and Stuffit

20
System Software 10.2.2.3 Utility programs (4)
10.2.2 Utility Programs
  • 3. Diagnostic utilities
  • Diagnosing problems
  • Reporting errors
  • Suggesting course of action
  • Example
  • Dr. Watson (included in Windows)

21
System Software 10.2.2.4-6 Utility programs (5)
10.2.2 Utility Programs
  • 4. Uninstallers
  • Removing applications
  • 5. Disk scanners
  • Detecting and correcting problems on disks
  • 6. File defragmenters
  • Reorganising files and unused space on a hard
    disk
  • to improve file access

22
System Software 10.2.2.7 Utility programs (6)
10.2.2 Utility Programs
  • 7. Backup utilities
  • Copying selected files or entire hard disk
  • onto a removable storage medium, like a tape
  • The reverse of backup is restoring

23
System Software 10.2.2.8 Utility programs (7)
10.2.2 Utility Programs
  • 8. Screen savers
  • Displaying a moving image/blank screen, if idle
    for a specified time
  • to prevent images permanently etched on the
    screen
  • Provide security
  • If the computer is idle for a certain period,
  • assume that the user has left his/her seat, then
  • lock the computer to prevent unauthorised access

24
System Software 10.2.2.9 Utility programs (8)
10.2.2 Utility Programs
  • 9. Anti-virus programs
  • Search the memory, hard disk and incoming files
    for viruses and
  • remove them
  • Ensure that e-mail attachment with virus will not
    be saved or executed
  • (For e-mail, viruses mainly exist in the
    attachement)
  • Auto-update feature
  • Download profiles of new viruses

25
System Software 10.2.3 Driver Programs
10.2 System Software
  • Driver programs
  • also called device drivers
  • Add-on codes for extending an OS
  • Once installed, becomes part of the OS
  • Designed for peripherals devices
  • Providing facts about the devices
  • A driver program may
  • exist in the OS or
  • come with the device
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