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Aphasia

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Preserved ability to repeat. Impaired auditory comprehension. Conduction Aphasia. Extremely poor repetition ability. Naming deficit is mild to severe ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Aphasia


1
Aphasia
  • Causes, Classification, and Treatment

2
Definition
  • aphasia (uh-fay'-zhuh) According to the
    National Aphasia Association, Aphasia is an
    impairment of the ability to use or comprehend
    words, usually acquired as a result of a stroke
    or other brain injury (http//www.aphasia.org).
    There are different types of aphasia depending on
    the site of damage.

3
Causes
  • The most common cause is a cerebral vascular
    accident (CVA)
  • Damage to the perisylvian area of the left
    hemisphere

4
Classification
  • Non-fluent (expressive)
  • Brocas
  • Transcortical motor
  • Global
  • Fluent (receptive)
  • Wernickes
  • Transcortical sensory
  • Conduction
  • Anomic

5
Brocas Aphasia
  • Damage to Brocas area
  • Some deficits in all areas
  • Severely impaired fluency
  • Abnormal prosody
  • Telegraphic speech
  • Short phrase length
  • Auditory comprehension deficits are mild to
    moderate
  • Repetition deficit is mild to severe
  • Naming deficit is mild to severe

6
Transcortical Motor
  • Remarkably well-preserved repetition
  • Conversational speech is severely impaired
  • Auditory comprehension is mild-moderately
    impaired
  • Naming deficit is mild to severe
  • Difficulty initiating speech or writing

7
Global
  • Most debilitating form of aphasia
  • Severe deficits in all areas
  • Limited expressive output
  • Auditory comprehension deficits are severe
  • Reading comprehension deficits are severe

8
Wernickes Aphasia
  • Hyperfluent speech
  • Auditory comprehension deficits
  • Paraphasia
  • semantic association (fork/spoon)
  • clang associations (spood/spoon)
  • Neologisms invented words
  • Jargon streams of nonsense sounds

9
Transcortical Sensory
  • Rarest of the fluent types
  • Conversational speech abounds with paraphasia and
    is lacking in nouns
  • Naming is moderately-severely impaired
  • Preserved ability to repeat
  • Impaired auditory comprehension

10
Conduction Aphasia
  • Extremely poor repetition ability
  • Naming deficit is mild to severe
  • Auditory comprehension deficit is mild to
    moderate
  • Conversational speech is fluent, good
    articulation, syntax, and prosody

11
Anomic Aphasia
  • Spontaneous speech is fluent, good articulation,
    syntax, and prosody
  • Mild-moderate impairment of auditory
    comprehension
  • Significant difficulty with confrontation naming

12
Treatment for Aphasia
  • General information
  • Treatment benefits are greater for Brocas
    aphasia than for fluent types of aphasia
  • Benefits are greater if a single-stroke etiology
  • Benefits are greater in younger patients
  • Frequent sessions are better than sporadic during
    first 6 months

13
Treatment orientations
  • Stimulation-facilitation
  • Intensive, repeated stimulation (primarily
    auditory) to facilitate damaged areas recovery
  • Deblocking
  • Intact systems used to help deblock damaged
    areas
  • Operant conditioning
  • Loss of knowledge demands relearning
  • Functional/compensatory

14
Specific procedures
  • Stimulation-facilitation review of Brubaker
  • Ameri-Ind AAC or facilitative approach
  • Visual Action Therapy
  • Promoting Aphasics Communicative Effectiveness
    (PACE) functional approach
  • Melodic Intonation Therapy Estabrooks video
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