PowerPoint Executive Summary

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• PowerPoint Executive Summary
• American Geographical Society (AGS)
• Foreign Military Studies Office (FMSO)
• sponsors
• Bowman Expeditions
• for
• Global GIS Place-based Field Research

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• U.S. General David H. Petraeus

Valuable lessons were learned from Iraq and
Afghanistan about counter insurgency operations
in foreign places
knowledge of the cultural "terrain" can be as
important as, and sometimes even more important
than, knowledge of the geographic terrain.
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American Geographical Society Bowman Expedition
Concept Conceived by AGS President Geographer
Jerome E. Dobson, troubled over intelligence
failures and related conflicts around the globe
Whats missing is open source geography
the type geographers do routinely in every
region on earth.
U.S. intelligence experts agree of the things
our state must know about other states some 90
percent may be discovered through open
means. Foreign Military Studies Office (FMSO)
funds AGS Bowman Expeditions.
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AGS Bowman Expeditions Concept geographical unde
rstanding is essential for maintaining
peace, resolving conflicts, and providing humanita
rian assistance Worldwide.
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• Problematic
• Disaggregated data on foreign peoples and places
  are not in accurate and meaningful formats with
  geolocational precision for matching place with
  ethnicity, populations, resources, loyalties,
  etc.
• Foreign digital geographies or human terrains
  demand accurate, on-the-ground field knowledge of
  the cultural terrain.

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AGS Bowman Expeditions Prototype for Global GIS
Place-based Field Research Digital
Geography Combining place with people
Socio-cultural property regime data
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AGS Bowman Expeditions

• Re-ignite a past when the U.S. government
  invested more in understanding world geography.
• Geographers best equipped to produce the
  open-source geographic intelligence.
• AGS Bowman Expeditions provide a way to combat
  geographical ignorance and bring cultural
  awareness back into government.
• Non-Controversial (in contrast, American
  Anthropological Association denounced Human
  Terrain Teams).
• FMSO/DOD collaboration reflective of
  distinguished U.S. Office of Naval Research
  Geography Program (1948-1972).
• Fill urgent need for developing the digital human
  terrains of foreign lands and peoples desperately
  needed for global peace and prosperity.
• Lower-cost option for reliable place-based GIS
  data needs.

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AGS Bowman Expedition Prototype México
Indígena Global GIS Place-Based Field
Research An International Collaboration
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AGS Bowman Prototype FocusIndigenous lands in
Mexico?House significant resource areas of
forests, minerals, hydroelectric dams, and
reservoirs.?Hold significant cultural heritage
and attract ecotourism and development
dollars.?Where rebellions are fomented, drugs
are produced, resource pirates traffic poverty
encourages out-migration.?Where neoliberal land
reforms convert social to private property,
influencing greatly all the above.
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Multi-scale Mexico Indígena Database
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National Level
Bottom-up multi-scale methodology based on
community knowledge
11,000,000

Multiple Scale National-level Mexico San Luis
Potosí State Huasteca Region Four Study
Zones Community Lands Individual Parcel
1250,000
Field Archival Research Participatory
Mapping Participatory GIS
Huasteca Region
Alejo Perez
Individual Community 15,000 and GPS-ed
Individual Parcel GPS-ed
Study Zone
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• Historic Property Regime Change
• Gargantuan Land Reform, PROCEDE

Methods Archival
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Methods Field Research Participatory
Mapping

• Administer community parcel questionnaires
• GPS mapping of boundaries parcels

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Field Research Training
Building Correcting Cartographic Shapefiles
Community Parcel Questionnaires
Empowerment
GPS Mapping
Cognitive Knowledge
Technical Skills
Sketch Mapping
Participatory Research Mapping-GIS
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Results GIS Database Web Site Display of
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México Indígena Processed Database Results
Chihuahua Indígena
SIG Chihuahua
ICP Chihuahua

• México Indígena
• National Scale
• Huasteca Indígena

• Conteo_2005
• Mapas-chihuahua
• Marco_geoestadistico_2005
• Procede_chihuahua_dec2006

• Fotos_chihuahua_mi
• gps_puntos_originales_chihuahua_2007

Oaxaca Indígena
Web
ICP Mexico
SIG Mexico
SIG Oaxaca
ICP Oaxaca

• arqueologia_huasteca
• Cartografia_de_base
• Mapas_mexico
• Mapas_huasteca
• Censo_pv_2000
• Conteo_2005
• Censo_ejidal_2001
• Cdi_datos_censo_2000
• Documents SIG
• Documents, MI, SIG
• Mapas_para_analisis
• Marcogeoestadistico_2000
• Marcogeoestadistico_2005
• Metadatos

• Ortofotos_huasteca
• Procede
• Ran_huasteca
• Snim
• Tools, downloads
• Topo_actualizada
• Topo_modificada
• Viloencia_cerac

• Carta de común acuerdo
• Documents icp
• Documents, ICP, Equipo tecnico
• Fotos, Huasteca, MI
• Gps_field_data
• Other shapefiles form fieldwork
• Primer Taller, julio 2005
• Questionnaires, ICP, MRP, SIG
• Tenencia y Uso de Todas
• Parcelas

• Cartografia de base
• Mapas_oaxaca
• Ortofotos_oaxaca
• Topo_modificada
• Topo_actualizada
• Cdi_oaxaca_2000
• Marco_geoestadistico_oax_2000
• Marco_geoestadistico_oax_2005
• Procede_oaxaca
• Censo_pv_2000
• Conteo2005_oaxaca
• Ran_oaxaca
• metadatos

• Arqueolgia_icp
• Croquis_comunitarios_icp
• Cuestionarios
• Documentos, ICP, Equipo tecnico
• Fotos_oaxaca_mi
• Gps_field_data
• Instructions, materials for fieldwork
• Notas_de_campo
• Primeros talleres, Ixtlan y Yagavila

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Other México Indígena Results ? Analysis of
Mexican Land Tenure and Property Regime (over
1300 parcels digitally mapped with ownership,
land use, tenure changes). ? Re-mapping with
participatory research mapping and GIS (of
indigenous lands in nine Teenek and Nahua
Huasteca communities). ? Analysis of PROCEDE
land certification program (hardcopy and digital
multi-scale documentation in ArcGIS). ?
Collection and digital processing of Maps and
Documents (of property regime documents,
cadastral registry, and thematic maps). ? Field
research on land tenure conflicts, past and
present ? Training of Students six Mexican
students (1 Ph.D., 1 M.A., 4 Undergrad) and four
US students (3 KU Ph.D. and 1 K-State Ph.D.). ?
Collaborative research ties (with UASLP, RAN,
INEGI, PAIGH, Comision Indígena, municipal and
ejido authorities).
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AGS Bowman Expeditions Prototype Demonstrates

• Success of AGS Bowman Expeditions concept for
  developing open-source geographic intelligence.
• Success of digital regional geography to define
  foreign human terrains.
• New understandings of places peoples here,
  the most important property regime change in
  Mexicos history.
• Spatial and digital data analyzed and archived
• for future cumulative use.