History Repeats: as the World Watches

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History Repeatsas the World Watches
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(No Transcript)
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Agenda

• Genocide
• Key Players
• History
• General History
• Causes for War
• Croatia is Invaded
• Bosnia is Torn Apart
• Sarajevo and Srebrenica
• Dayton Agreement

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President Franjo Tudjman
President Slobodan Milosevic
President Alija Izetbegovic
General Mladic Radovan Karadic
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Genocide

• Genocide is the mass murder of a particular
  ethnic group. It is the deliberate destruction of
  a social identity.

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General History

• 1918 Following WWI Yugoslavia proclaimed
• 1941 Croatia (including Bosnia) independent
• 1945 Federal Socialist Republic of Yugoslavia
• 1980 Josip Tito dies
• 1990 widespread fighting is reported
• 1991 Slovenia, Croatia, declare independence
• 1992 Bosnia declares independence

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Causes for War

• Centuries old desire for independence
• Failing System and negotiations
• Serbian desire to create
  a Greater Serbia
• Constitutional Right
  to declare independence

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Croatia is Invaded

• May 6, 1990 Tudjman elected President
• May 20, 1990 widespread fighting reported
• May 30, 1990 Parliament is established
• Dec 22, 1990 Constitution declared
• January 1991 Belgrade demobilizes army in Croatia

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Croatia is Invaded

• May 19, 1991 Independence referendum, 94 in
  favor of independence
• June 25, 1991 Constitutional decision on
  independence passes (with Slovenia)
• July 19, 1991 Vukovar is surrounded
• Nov 19, 1991 Vukovar falls
• Jan-1992 sovereignty recognized

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Croatia is Invaded

• May 22, 1992 UN member State
• May 1 2, 1995 Eastern Slavonia is liberated
• July 22, 1995 Co-defense with Bosnia
• August 5, 1995 Operation Storm
• December 14, 1995 Dayton Accords signed
• 1998 Last occupied areas returned to Croatia
  peacefully

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Croatia is Invaded

• Vukovar symbol of resistence
• Easternmost part of Croatia, bordering Serbia
• Surrounded by 65,000 soldiers, 1,500 guns, 1,400
  tanks, and 100 aircraft
• Defended by 800 police and 1000 civilians
• 1,700 killed, 4,000 wounded, 4,000 taken
  prisoner, over 1,000 still MIA
• 800,000 shells were fired 1,000 bombs fell

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Croatia is Invaded

• Vukovar Hospital
• Over 200 patience taken prisoner killed

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Bosnia is Torn Apart

• October 1991 Bosnia declares sovereignty
• March 3, 1992 referendum for independence
• 99 in favor of independence
• Serbs boycotted
• April 5, 1992 Bosnia declares independence
• War begins with the attack on a peace march in
  Sarajevo

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Bosnia is Torn Apart

• April 6, 1992 International community recognizes
  BiH
• April, 1992 Serbian forces come under control of
  Republika Srbska which also declared independence
  from BiH
• May 2, 1992 Sarajevo is cut-off
• June, 1992 sporadic airlifts begin
• Mid-1993 Sarajevo tunnel opens
• March 1994 Bosnian/Croat Federation
• December 14, 1995 Dayton Accords signed

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Bosnia is Torn Apart

• Srebrenica
• United Nations declared safe haven
• Protection was offered to any Muslim seeking
  sanctuary
• July 11, 1995
• 8,000 Muslims slaughtered
• 20,000 Muslims deported

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Bosnia is Torn Apart

• Sarajevo
• April 5, 1992 city is surrounded
• October, 1995 fighting stops
• Longest siege in modern warfare
• 12,000 people killed, 2000 of which children
• 50,000 people wounded
• 329 shells fell per day 3,777 impacts 7.22.93
• 35,000 buildings completely destroyed

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Dayton Agreement

• Retained Bosnias International Boundaries
• Created joint multi-ethnic democratic govt
• National Government
• Foreign, fiscal, diplomatic policy
• Second tier of government
• Bosnian/Croat Federation
• Republika Srbska