English In A Changing World

1
English In A
Changing World

• Wu Ligao
• wuligao_at_beiwaionline.com

2
Brief self-introduction

• Education BA in English Language and Literature,
  Anhui Teachers University MEd in Educational
  Technology and TESOL, University of Manchester,
  UK
• Work Experience 17 years of English teaching at
  university level, 4 years of teaching with
  BeiwaiOnline, Chair tutor of AE 3 and English in
  a Changing World

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Overview of the tutorial

• Course introduction
• Learning orientation
• Unit one Changing English in a Changing worldAn
  overview
• Unit two English in the Past

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I. Course Introduction
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1.1 Course survey (1)

• Skill course or content course?
• What do we learn from the course?
• Why do we learn this course?

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1.1 Course survey(2)

• Skill course or content course?
• Content course Learn about English with English
• What do we learn from the course?
• History of English, English varieties,
• Why do we learn this course?
• A degree course, Interesting knowledge for
  English majors

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Unit No. Title
Unit Focus
1. Changing Eng in a C W Overview
English Language Varieties / Change
2. English In The Past
Historical Place Of Standard Eng
3. Spread of Eng Beyond Britain
English Its Spread Uses
E.C.W. SEMESTER OUTLINE
4. Social Varieties of English
The Social Usage of English
5. Trade In/Across Language Barriers
Pidgins, Creoles Trade
6 Changing Eng Since WWII
International English Usage
7. Emerging 'New Englishes'
'New' English / Quirk-Kachru
8. Eng in a Shrinking World
English - Future Directions
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1.2 Resources for this course

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  English in a Changing World)
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II. Learning Orientation
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2.1 Advice Text And Concepts

• Read the texts and go over the concepts
• Understand the concepts and remember the
  important ones
• Tell the difference between surface material and
  real content
• Study happily and dont suffer

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2.2 Advice Dealing with resources online

• Read the important resources
• Get help from online
• Build an online community
• Find time for online activities

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2.3 Building a community

• Have you got a close learning mate?
• Are you in a learning group?
• Do you contact your learning center?
• Do you contact our learner support center?
• Do you contact your tutor?

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Unit 1

• Changing English In A Changing World An Overview

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Language Change Langauge Use(Activity 1 Tasks
1-3pp6-15)

• How many languages are there in the world?
• Is there a definite number of languages?
• If there isnt, what is the problem?

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Language Change Langauge Use(Activity 1 Tasks
1-3 pp6-15)

• 4000-5000
• There isnt a definite number of languages.
• Its difficult to count how many languages there
  are in the world, because its hard to
• say which is a language and which is a
  dialect.

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Experience of language change

• Do you speak the same way as before?
• Do your classmates, friends, colleagues speak the
  same way as they did before?
• Have you noticed some special ways of speaking by
  young kids? (their vocabulary, their
  pronunciation)
• Is Standard Chinese the same two hundred years
  ago?

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Some concepts

• Dead language Language without living speakers
• Living language Language that is still in use
• Idiolect A persons individual language

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Variation in English

• Unit 1 Activity 2 Task 1 (pp15-17)
• What does the term regional variation mean?
• Listen to three short language samples and see if
  you can tell which one is which regional
  variation?
• Regional variation When one language is spoken
  in different regions, they may sound differently.

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Standard English

• Unit 1 Activity 2 - Tasks 2-3(pp17-23)
• Which is the Standard English to study, AE or BE
  or Australian English?
• Who decides which is the best English to study?
• What does the term Standard English (SE) mean?
• Small group discussions (10minutes) / Written
  Answers read out by each group
• (5 minutes)

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Standard English

• Unit 1 Activity 2 - Tasks 2-3(pp17-23)
• Received Pronunciation (RP)BBC English
• Educated American EnglishNetwork English
• Australian English
• Standard English written English, accepted
  worldwide

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Vocabulary Change In English

• Unit 1 Activity 3 Tasks 1-3 (pp23-29)
• How has computer technology, business, sports and
  politics changed language?(English and Chinese,
  group work)
• What role do abbreviations play in the English
  language? What about Chinese?
• Has the English language had any impact on the
  Chinese language? Has the Chinese language had
  any impact on the English language?

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Some language samples

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Regional Language Variation In The United Kingdom
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Languages And Dialects In The United Kingdom

• Unit 1 Activity 4 Tasks 1-3(pp30-40)
• Why are there regional language differences in
  the U.K./China?
• Why are there less regional language differences
  in the U.S./Australia?
• Is there going to be more regional differences
• or less?
• Small group discussion (5 minutes)

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What Is The Difference Between A Dialect And An
Accent?

• A dialect is
• An accent is
• Write down, in your own words, your definitions
  of each of the above (5 minutes)

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Some Textbook Definitions

• A dialect is a language variety (e.g. English /
  Chinese) or a different way of speaking by people
  of a certain region, locality or class within a
  country with grammar, words or pronunciation that
  may be different from other forms of the same
  language.
• An accent is the way in which people speak and
  refers only to the sounds of the language. An
  emphasis given to a syllable or word by means of
  pitch or stress.

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Some Regional Variations In The English Language

• Understanding Regional Variations Of The English
  Language Within The U.K.

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Regional Language Varieties In The United Kingdom

• Unit 1Activity 5 Tasks 1-3 Tape Task 2
• Compare the different regional ways of speaking
  in the U.K. using either phonics or phonetics (pp
  43-44)
• In Groups
• List the phrases / words you had difficulty
  comprehending (10 minutes)

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Discussion Questions

• Should people today be required to learn, or be
  able to understand, regional varieties of English
  / Chinese?
• Class Discussion (10 minutes)

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Unit 2

• English In The Past

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The English Language And Its History

• How has history been responsible for
• the distribution and the change of the English
  language throughout the U.K.?
• What do you know?

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Historic Origins Of English
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The Angles Saxons And Jutes
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The Scandinavian Influence
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Some confusing concepts

• Scandinavian invasions
• Germanic invasion
• Germanic group (branch)
• Viking

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English Language Style And Variation 13th To
18th Centuries

• Unit 2 Activity 1 Task 2 (pp 58-62)
• How can we tell, by comparing these four language
  examples of the 13th to the 18th centuries, that
  the English language has altered over this
  period?
• In pairs (using these examples) list ways in
  which the English language seems to have changed
  over this 500 year period. (15 minutes)

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Language Families

• Unit 2 Activity 2 Task 1 (pp 64-66)
• The Indo-European family (the Aryan family)
• The Sino-Tibetan family

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The Indo-European family

• English, Spanish, French, German, Russian,
  Portuguese, Hindi, German, Bengali
• Latin, Greek, Persian, Sanskrit

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The Indo-European family

• The Celtic Branch
• The Germanic Branch
• The Latin Branch
• The Slavic Branch
• The Baltic Branch
• The Hellenic Branch
• The Illyric Branch

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The English Language And the Romans

• Unit 2 Activity 2 Tasks 1-2 (pp64-67)
• What are some of the Latin root forms that Tim
  and Mrs Robinson discussed?
• What English words do you know that have these
  roots?

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What Do These Words Mean?

• proficient progress subtitle subscriber
• anticlockwise antisocial antenna antenatal
• transit transparent intervene interracial

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The Conquest of Britain and Change on English
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Examples of English Change

• door, gate, portal, entrance, exit,
• cottage, hut, cabin, palace, mansion, villa
• go up, rise, ascend, mount, climb

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• English has a rich store of vocabulary that
  originates in Ancient Greek and Latin and, more
  recently, in French. Greek gives English words
  like politics, telephone, ecology and drama,
  while Latin is responsible for agriculture,
  family, order and ambulance. Words derived from
  French include disease, patrol, riot and basket.
  As a member of the Germanic family of languages,
  English clearly has numerous words of Germanic
  origin, examples being house, honey, half and
  hair. 

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Standard English Where did it start?

• Unit 2 Activity 3 Tasks 1-3 (pp74-82)
• How and where did SE originate?
• Why was the 15th century responsible for the
  rapid spread of the English language?

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An important concept

• Standard English is written English.
• It has a grammatical system
• It has a formal lexicon (vocabulary)
• It is used internationally
• It changes slowly
• It has prestige

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Some Definitions

• Unit 2 Activity 3 Task 4 (pp79-83)
• First printing press
• Bi-dialectal means
• Bilingual means

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Some Definitions

• First printing press set up in 1475 by William
  Caxton
• Bi-dialectal means having two dialects
• Bilingual means having two languages

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The English Lexicon

• Unit 2 Activity 4 Tasks 1-4(pp84-92)
• How large is English vocabulary?
• What is the difference between a receptive and
  productive vocabulary?
• What is the difference between a synonym and an
  antonym?
• Class Discussion (10 minutes)

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The English Lexicon

• Some put the number as low as 50,000 and other as
  high as 250,000 words.
• Receptive vocabulary is the words you use for
  listening and reading. Productive vocabulary is
  the words you use for speaking and writing.
• A synonym is a word which means the same as
  another word. The antonym of a word is another
  word which means the opposite.

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Received Pronunciation What Is It?

• Unit 2 Activity 5 Tasks 1-3 (pp92-98)
• What is RP and how did it originate?
• Explain the difference between RP and SE.
• Comparing RP and SE, how might these change
  over time?
• Small group discussions (10 minutes)

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Received Pronunciation A Definition

• Received Pronunciation is a widely accepted
  English speaking accent which has prestige and is
  used as a model of good spoken English throughout
  the world.
• BBC English
• Educated English (post 19th century)

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Teaching And Learning Unit 2 Activity 5
Tasks 4 (pp98-99)
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Review

• Today we have
• In Unit 1
• Seen how language changes over time
• Understood how and why language varies by region
• Understood what is Standard English
• Differentiated between dialects and accents

• In Unit 2
• Reviewed and under-stood the historic origins of
  the English language
• Examined some words and their Latin origins
• Compared understood the difference between SE
  and RP
• Established what our motivations are as learners
  of English

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Thank You! See You Next Time!