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Preterit

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Abrupt changes of emotions or physical or mental states in the past. Example: ... Events that took place in an instant or in a limited period of time (whether or not) ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Preterit


1
Preterit
  • Ramon J. Marti
  • Spanish lV

2
Objectives
  • When to use the preterit?
  • Regular words of the preterit.
  • Irregular words of the preterit.
  • Stem-changing words.

3
1- Uses of the Preterite
  • Completed past actions or events
  • Example
  • Ayer corrí por el parqué.
  • Yesterday I ran by the park.

4
  • Actions that began or finished, explicitly or
    implicitly.
  • Example
  • Él vinó a mi casa a las 500 p.m. y se fué a
    las 8 p.m.
  • He came, to my house, at 500 p.m. and left at
    800 p.m.

5
  • Abrupt changes of emotions or physical or mental
    states in the past.
  • Example
  • Los niños lloraron cuando el vieron al
    mounstro.
  • The children cried when they saw the monster.

6
  • Events that took place in an instant or in a
    limited period of time (whether or not).
  • Example
  • El soldado tomó un paso alfrente.
  • The soldier took a step forward.

7
  • A series of events in a narration
  • (to advance the plot).
  • Example
  • Juan tomó los antiojos, agarró el libro, y
    comensó a leer.
  • John took the glasses, grabbed his book, and
    began to read.

8
Regular Preterit Endings
9
Irregular Verbs in the Preterit
  • Dar
  • di, diste, dio, dimos, disteis, dieron
  • (Dar is conjugated as if it were an IR ending
    word)
  • Ser and Ir
  • Fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueron
  • (Ser and Ir are conjugated the same, but the
    context will show you the meaning)

10
U stem words in the Preterit
  • Estar, Tener, Andar, Poder, Poner, Saber

11
I stem words in the Preterit
  • Hacer, querer, venir

12
Spelling Changes
  • Verbs that end in er and ir with a vowel before
    the ending change the i to a y when said in the
    third person.
  • Example-
  • Los perros me oyeron llegar.
  • The dogs heard me arrive.
  • The i in Oir was substituted for a y.
  • Same rule applies for words like creer, caer,
    lear.

13
More spelling changes
  • Verbs that end in car, -gar, and zar are changed
    in the first person but remain the same for all
    other tenses.

14
The changes are..
  • C turns to qu.expliqué (explicar)
  • G turns to gullagué (llegar)
  • Z turns to c..comencé (comenzar)
  • This rule applies to words like
  • Abrazar, almorzar, obligar, pagar, tocar.

15
Stem changing verbs
  • This stem changing occurs in -ir verbs.
  • e becomes i
  • o becomes u
  • Only in the third person, singular and plural, do
    these changes take place.

16
For example of stem-changing
  • Pedir-
  • Yo pedí (normal)
  • Usted pidió (change from e to i)
  • Morir-
  • Tú moriste (normal)
  • Ustedes murieron (change from o to u)

17
Things to study.
  • The uses of the preterit
  • Regular forms endings
  • Common irregulars (dar, ser, fui)
  • U in stem, I in stem
  • Spelling changes
  • I to y
  • C to qu, G to gu, z to c
  • E to I
  • O to u
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