Phonation, Part 2 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Phonation, Part 2

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Phonation means that a given sound has the ability to be made ... Aspirated Voiceless lag in voicelessness after release of ... voiced stops [b] --- [ba] ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Phonation, Part 2


1
Phonation, Part 2
  • LIN 3201

2
Some confusion
  • Some of you are getting confused between
  • PHONATION
  • And
  • Voiced Sounds
  • These 2 concepts ARE NOT the same!

3
Clarification
  • Phonation means that a given sound has the
    ability to be made voiced or voiceless
  • BECAUSE
  • The airstream is somehow passes through the vocal
    folds during production of the sound

4
So
  • If we can refer to
  • what the vocal folds are doing
  • While the airstream
  • ingressively or egressively
  • flows through them
  • We have PHONATION

5
2 Major Types of Phonation (in LIN 3201)
  • Voiced (vibrating vocal folds)
  • Voiceless (wide open vocal folds)

6
Examining Voiced and Voiceless Sounds
  • Although 2 languages may both contain voiced or
    voiceless sounds, these sounds may not be
    identical

7
Voicing Onset Time (VOT)
  • Has to do with time change between phonation
    changes (going from voiced to voiceless or vice
    versa)
  • VOT is the delay between the release of the oral
    closure (generally of a stop) and the beginning
    of voicing of the following sound

8
  • Sounds can have positive or negative VOT
  • POSITIVE VOT voicing lags release of oral
    closure
  • i.e. voiceless aspirated stops ph
  • NEGATIVE VOT voicing precedes release of oral
    closure

9
Voicing Onset Time (VOT), cont.
  • There are technically 4 basic voicing (phonation)
    patterns OR 4 different time relations
  • In other words, there 4 different patterns for
    when voicing begins and ends between two segments

10
4 Patterns
  • Unaspirated Voiceless Vocal folds begin
    vibrating exactly as closure releases
  • i.e. voiceless stops in English following s ---
    pa
  • Aspirated Voiceless lag in voicelessness after
    release of stop results in puff of air after
    closure releases
  • i.e. initial stops in English - ph --- pha

11
  • Slightly Voiced Vocal folds begin vibrating
    just before closure releases period of initial
    voiclessness
  • English initial voiced stops b --- ba
  • Fully Voiced Vocal folds begin vibrating as
    soon as the oral closure is made
  • French voiced stops b

12
Sample Initial Inventories
  • English
  • Partially voiced d
  • Voiceless aspirated th
  • French
  • Fully voiced d
  • Voiceless unaspirated t

13
A note of caution
  • As an English speaker, you will have a difficult
    time with initial unaspirated voiceless stops
  • Your mind will perceive them as voiced
  • You will have to work to consciously observe and
    produce these sounds
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