Human Population Dynamics

1
Human Population Dynamics

• There are three topics to discuss on Human
  Population Dynamics
• Population Dynamics
• Population Control
• U.S. Population Growth and Controls

2
World Population

• World - 6,722,698,251
• United States - 305,116,202
• One birth every 7 seconds
• One death every 13 seconds
• One international migrant (net) every 29 seconds
• Net gain of one person every 9 seconds
• http//www.census.gov/main/www/popclock.html

3
Points to ponder - global

• Do we have a world population crisis why or why
  not?
• Is it the number of people vs. the ecological
  footprint of people?
• What does increasing the population mean for the
  environment?
• Some say limit birth rates because
• We are unable to provide basic support for one
  out of every five
• Death rates may lead to declining environmental
  and health conditions
• Developed and developing countries will increase
  footprint
• Some say dont limit birth rates because
• Religious and moral beliefs, personal freedom,
  some argue it could be used to keep developing
  population numbers low limiting political power

4
Points to ponder - global

• So, were dealing with interactions between
  population growth, economic growth, politics and
  moral beliefs
• What distinguishes high population growth rate
  countries from low population growth rate
  countries?
• Birth rates
• Age structure
• Death rates

5
Terms to know

• Population Change
• Birth rate (or crude birth rate)
• Death rate (or crude death rate)
• Replacement level fertility (2.1 2.5)
• Total fertility rate
• Emigration
• Life expectancy
• Infant mortality rate
• Age Structure
• Baby boom

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Factors affecting human population

• Birth rates
• Death rates
• Immigration Emigration
• Exponential Growth

7
Factors Affecting Birth and Fertility Rates

• What factors affect Birth and Fertility rates
• Educational and employment opportunities for
  women
• Birth Control
• Religious beliefs, traditions, culture
• Cost of raising children
• Average marriage age
• Age structure of the population
• Urban versus rural areas
• Private/public pension systems
• Children as part of the labor force

8
Human Population Growth History

• What has enabled human populations to grow so
  successfully in the past
• Humans experienced a J-shape exponential
  population explosion in the last 200 years due
  to
• Ability to live in new habitats and climates
• Early and modern agriculture increase
  productivity per unit of land area
• Health advances antibiotics, vaccines,
  sanitation,
• Utilized energy sources (fossil fuels)

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Factors Affecting Death Rates

• Increased food supplies
• Better nutrition
• Improved sanitation
• Safe water supplies
• Reduction of social diseases measles,
  tuberculosis, etc.
• Improved personal hygiene

10
A profile of our world

• 564 are Asians
• 210 are Europeans
• 86 are Africans
• 80 are South Americans
• 60 are North Americans
• 1000
• 300 are Christians
• 210 are Atheists
• 175 are Muslims
• 128 are Hindus
• 55 are Buddhists
• 46 are Animists
• 85 are Other
• 1000

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A profile of the haves vs. the have nots

• Of these 1000 people -
• 60 would control 1/2 of the income
• 500 would be hungry
• 600 would live in shacks
• 700 would be illiterate

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Classification of countries - worldwide
http//www.worldbank.org/depweb/beyond/global/chap
ter2_2.htmlmap2_1
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Characteristics of more developed countries

• Fertile soils
• Temperate climates
• Industrialized economies
• High education levels
• There are 33 countries considered more
  developed including the U.S., Japan, Austria and
  many European countries

14
Characteristics of less developed countries

• Less fertile soils
• Tropical climates
• Low to moderate industrialization
• Lower education levels
• There are 142 countries considered less
  developed. Most are located in Africa, Asia and
  Latin America

15
Comparisons

• The more developed countries contain 1.2 billion
  people (21 of the worlds population) and they
• Use 80 of the worlds energy and minerals
• Have a growth rate of
• .6 a year
• Take 117 years to double their population

• The less developed countries contain 4 billion
  people (79 of the worlds population) and they
• Use 20 of the worlds energy and minerals
• Have an exponential growth rate of 2.1
• Take 33 years to double their population

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Developing Countries vs. developing countries
17
Point to ponder

• Consider that worldwide there are
• 253,000 babies born per minute
• 365,000 per day (double the population of
  Lubbock, TX)
• 100 people dying each minute
• 144,000 people dying each day (the population of
  Lubbock, TX)
• Our growth rate is 2.5 more births than deaths
  which figures out to

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Point to ponder

• Worldwide
• 138 people per minute 8,833 per hour
• 212,000 day 77 million per year
• This number could replace all the Americans
  killed in U.S. wars in less than 5 days.
• U.S. Rate
• 5 people per minute 320 per hour
• 7,700 per day
• (population of Mexia, TX)
• 2.8 million per year

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World population growth
http//www.dhushara.com/book/diversit/bomb.htm
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The Demographic Transition
21
Population age structures
22
The Baby Boom
23
Worldwide fertility rates
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So how many of us are there anyway???
Population Clock

• 1850 1 billion it took 80 years to reach
• 1930 2 billion 30 years to reach
• 1960 3 billion 15 years to reach (only 45 years
  from 2 to 4 billion)
• 1975 4 billion 12 years to reach
• 1987 5 billion 11 years to reach
• 1998 6 billion 10 years to reach (only 23 years
  from 4 to 6 billion)
• 2010 8 billion
• 1 billion is four times the U.S. population
• The population of the U.S. today is over
  300,000,000
• (http//www.census.gov/main/www/cen2000.html)

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Carrying capacity

• The number of individuals of a given species
  that can be sustained indefinitely in a given
  space.

• Animals are controlled by
• Range
• Food
• Disease
• Humans have violated this concept because of
  technology
• Food supply
• Disease control (death rate)
• Energy development

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Consequently, human population control is not a
question of carrying capacity but an issue
ofcontrolling population growth WHY?????
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Standard of Living
Do we have a natural procreative right??
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Common justifications

• Economic stability
• Political stability
• National defense
• World wide limits to growth
• Enhance the quality of life

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Population Control is a national problem

• Solutions at the County level
• Solutions must contain these factors
• Technical feasibility
• Social/Political acceptance
• Economic practicality
• Religious acceptance
• Administrative feasibility
• Voluntary versus Involuntary