Title: Andy Barnette, Rishi Jindal, Beverly Mielke, Brad Quarton, Catherine Tran
1Are Racial Differences in Economic Status More
Dramatic in Rural America?
- Andy Barnette, Rishi Jindal, Beverly Mielke,
Brad Quarton, Catherine Tran
2Census Definition of Urban
- Urban is defined as core census block groups or
blocks that have a population density of at least
1,000 people per square mile and surrounding
census blocks that have an overall density of at
least 500 people per square mile.
3Census Definition of Rural
- Rural consists of all territory, population, and
housing units located outside of urban areas and
urban clusters.
4Why Choose California?
- Large, diverse population
- Different types of residential areas
- Significance to us
5County Populations
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7Economic Status Indicators
- Income
- Labor Force Participation by Sex
- Educational Attainment
- Poverty Rates
- Housing
8Income
- Median income vs. per capita income
- Whites consistently have incomes higher than
median household and per capita incomes in all
four counties - The median household and per capita incomes of
Blacks and Hispanics are lower than the average
levels - Income levels for Asians fluctuate depending on
the county
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13Labor Force Participation by Sex Overview
- Percent labor force participation (LFP) includes
people in the armed forces and both employed and
unemployed civilians. - In the US, 70.7 of males over age 16 are in the
labor force. 57.5 of females are in the labor
force. - In urban areas, 64.1 of people are in the labor
force compared to 63.1 in rural areas1. - In urban areas, 57.8 of females are in the labor
force compared to 56.4 in rural areas. - So overall, a slightly higher percentage of
people are in the labor force in urban areas.
1Data on males alone not available.
14Sex by Employment Status for the Population 16
years and Over
- Table shows percent labor force participation
15LFP Summary for Our Counties
- Urban whites, both male and female, have higher
LFP rates than urban non-whites. - Rural white males have higher LFP rates than
rural non-white males. Rural white and non-white
females have the same LFP rates.
16Educational Attainment
- One economic indicator is education level
attained by a group - Here we will compare the percentage of one group
in a county that has a certain degree to the
percentage of another group in the county that
has the same degree - Racial differences compared by subtracting
groups percentages and comparing them for
counties
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21Education summary
- the White-Black and White-Hispanic gaps show
larger disparities in urban areas - W-B and W-H gaps much larger for bachelor and
professional degrees - White-Asian gaps show that Asians more educated
in urban areas and gaps for higher degrees larger
in urban areas - Black-Hispanic gaps for higher degrees are larger
in urban area, but rural gaps larger for HS
degree
22Income Poverty
On the national level, poverty remained 2
percentage points higher in Non-Metro Areas than
in Metro Areas with over 14 percent of the
Non-Metro population living below the poverty
line.
Of the 2,276 Non-Metro counties, 535 of them,
representing 18.5 percent of the population are
described as Persistent-Poverty Counties
23Income Poverty at Home1
Source 2000 Census
Source 2000 Census
1 at Home California
24Poverty in sum
- Generally, all races have a higher percentage of
people below the poverty line in rural areas,
consistent with national trends. - In our sample,differences in poverty rates among
races are sometimes more dramatic in rural areas
than in urban areas.
25Housing
- Issues related to both housing adequacy and
affordability continue to affect a substantial
number of rural households. The extent and type
of housing disadvantage varies widely across
race, and some population groups face greater
housing difficulties than others
26Physical Characteristics
Percentage of Households Lacking Complete
Plumbing Facilities
Percentage of Households Lacking Complete Kitchen
Facilities
27Well-Being Characteristics
Percentage of Overcrowded Households
28Financial Characteristics
Median Gross Rent as a Percentage of Household
Income
Differences in Median Housing Unit Value
29Housing Summary
- For some of the housing characteristics examined
differences do exist between rural and urban
areas of California. However, for some of the
other characteristics examined differences do not
exist between rural and urban areas of
California. Therefore we cannot definitively say
that, in terms of housing, there are dramatic
differences in economic status.
30Wrapping it all up
- Income shows that gaps vary depending on race and
area Blacks and Hispanics are better off in
rural areas, but Asians better off in urban, so
somewhat inconclusive - Labor force participation rates are higher for
Whites in urban and rural areas than for
non-Whites, but gaps are inconclusive - Educational attainment gaps by race were
definitely greater for college degrees in urban
areas, but not necessarily for high school - Differences in poverty rates are generally higher
in rural areas, but definitely not conclusive
results - Housing differences by race vary by the
characteristic you compare, so inconclusive as
well
31Why is the data inconclusive???
- Sample size?
- Census definitions?
- Indicators used?
- .
- Thank you and goodnight.