Designing and Implementing Cabling Infrastructure

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Designing and Implementing Cabling Infrastructure

• Dr. Saif al Zahir
• King Fahd University of Petroleum Minerals
• Computer Engineering Department

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Outline

• Planning structured cabling systems
• Designing structured cabling systems
• Installing structured cabling systems
• Types of Cables, Standards, physical topologies,
  etc.

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Planning Structured cabling system

• Elements of structured cabling system
• Site survey of the location. This include the
  following
• types of users
• applications being run on the network
• planned and unplanned growth requirements
• frequency of moves, additions, and deletions
• The preparation of detailed diagrams for
• cable runs,
• number of drops per office,
• termination equipments, and
• the physical locations wiring closets and
  equipment rooms

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Cabling Design Requirements

• Must accommodate equipment relocation and network
  growth without recabling
• Must satisfy the following
• Quality of Service
• Reliability
• Flexibility of current and future network
• dependability
• ease of use.

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Installing Structured cabling system

• Must meet the designs !!!
• Topology of the media
• Cable plant maintenance
• Termination and connections
• The Network media type
• Fiber Optics
• Coaxial Cable
• Copper wires

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Other Installation Considerations

• Must check ...

• Building Codes
• Environment
• Documentation
• Testing
• Consider Over Cabling
• Technology Changes
• Country

• Cable Pathways
• Ease of Access
• Future Expansion
• Installation Cost
• EMI/RFI Effects
• Grounding
• Fire Proofing
• Plenum Spaces
• Through Holes

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Cables and LANs
LAN Physical Topology Choices
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• Devices
• Active devices end nodes switches routers
• Passive devices connectors terminals patch
  panels passive repeaters

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Cables Types, Speeds, and Lengths
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Types of Cables

• Coax
• Thicknet
• Thinnet
• Twisted-Pair
• Category 3/ Category 4 Unshielded Twisted-Pair
• Category 5 Unshielded Twisted-Pair
• Beyond Category 5 Unshielded Twisted-Pair
• Fiber Optic
• Multi-Mode Fiber
• Single-Mode Fiber

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Types of Cables

• Coaxial Cable

Coax Cable Cross Section
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10Base-5 (ThickNet)

• Main Characteristics

• Large Diameter Coax Cable (.5 dia.)
• Multiple Connections Directly to the Cable
• Maximum Segment Length of 500m
• Connection Separation a Minimum of 2.5m
• 50 ohm Terminator at Ends of Segment
• Devices Connect to Cable Via AUI Port to
  Transceiver Cable to Transceiver Box
• Obsolete Design

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10Base-2 (Thinnet)

• Main Characteristics

• RG-58 Coax Cable (.17 dia.)
• Maximum Segment Length of 185 m
• Maximum of 30 Connections per Segment
• Connection Separation a Minimum of .5m
• 50 ohm Terminator at Ends of Segment
• Device Connection Via a T-Connector
• Legacy Design Phased Out Over Time

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Types of Cables

• Fiber Optics

Fiber Optic Cable Cross Section
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Multimode Fiber

• Core Diameter Relatively Larger Than Light
  Wavelength
• Normally Uses Inexpensive LED Laser Transmitter
  and Receivers
• Maximum Distance Up to 2 km
• Graded Index Design Changes the Index of
  Refraction From the Core Out
• Most Common Type Is 62.5/125mm
• Uses Wavelengths of 850nm and 1300nm
• Often Used for Building Backbones and Short
  Inter-Building Communications

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Single-Mode Fiber

• Core Diameter Much Closer to Wavelength of Light
  Used (9mm dia. to 1300nm wavelength)
• Can Be Used for Distances of 30 km or When High
  Data Rates Are Required
• Uses Powerful Lasers Requiring Extra Safety
• Used for Phone Communication
• Electronic Interfaces Very Expensive

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Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP)

• Multi-conductor Cable
• Conductors Arranged in Pairs
• 100 ohm Impedance
• Considered Easier to Install
• Different Grades of Performance
• Can Easily Support Full Duplex Operation

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Category 3 / Category 4 UTP

• Main Features

• First Grades of UTP Cable Rated For 10 Mbs
  Ethernet Operations (10Base-T)
• Category 3 Cable Specified for Operations to 16
  MHz (Installed 1989)
• Category 4 Cable Specified for Operations to 20
  MHz (Installed 1991)
• 10Base-T Operation Only Uses One Pair to Transmit
  and One Pair to Receive

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Category 5 UTP

• Main Features

• Specified for Operations Up to 100 MHz
• Supports 10Base-T, 100Base-TX, FDDI and ATM 155
• Standard Maximum Operating Length of 100 m
• Stringent Installation Specifications for Maximum
  Performance
• Set Standard for Performance of Entire Circuit
  (All Passive Components Must Be Rated CAT 5)
• Has Displaced Coax and Fiber for Most Desktop
  Applications

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10Base-5 (Thicknet)

• Main Features

• Large Diameter Coax Cable (.5 dia.)
• Multiple Connections Directly to the Cable
• Maximum Segment Length of 500m
• Connection Separation a Minimum of 2.5m
• 50 ohm Terminator at Ends of Segment
• Devices Connect to Cable Via AUI Port to
  Transceiver Cable to Transceiver Box
• Obsolete Design

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Media Technology
LAN Media Technology Analysis
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Some Cables Standards
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Installation References

• Some standards

• EIA/TIA Building Telecommunications Wiring
  Standards
• EIA/TIA-568x Commercial Building Wiring Standard
• EIA/TIA-569 Commercial Building Standard for
  Telecommunications Pathways and Space
• BICSI Telecommunications Distribution Methods
  Manual
• National Electric Code (Saudi Arabia Codes)

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8 pin RJ-45 jack
for 10Base-T
Jumpers to
BNC connector
enable/disable
for 10Base-2
media
(thin coax
interfaces
ethernet)
DB-15
AUI
AUI or transceiver
cable
DB-15
DB-15 AUI
AUI
connector for
10Base-5 (thick
coax ethernet)
Transceiver
Ethernet Media Interfaces
thick coax ethernet
GOLDMAN DATACOMM
FIG. 06-07