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Disability Rights: A Guide to Laws and Resources

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Title: Disability Rights: A Guide to Laws and Resources


1
Disability Rights A Guide to Laws and Resources
Presented by Casie Moran, CIRS Clearinghouse on
Disability Information 4050 Esplanade Way, Suite
315 Tallahassee, FL 32399 www.abilityforum.com 1-8
77-ADA-4YOU
2
What we will cover
  • A General Understanding of the ADA Four Titles
  • A General Understanding of the Fair Housing Act
    the Four Requirements
  • A Review of Best Resources
  • Your Questions and Answers

3
  • The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
  • A civil rights law protecting over 52 million
    Americans

4
  • The Five Titles of the ADA
  • Title I Employment
  • Title II Government services
    Transportation
  • Title III Public accommodations
  • Title IV Telecommunications
  • Title V Miscellaneous

5
ADA Exclusions
  • Housing and provision of air transportation
    covered by other federal laws
  • Businesses owned and operated by religious
    organizations
  • Genuinely private clubs
  • Federal government and Congress

6
Who is protected by the ADA?
  • A person who ...
  • Has a physical or mental impairment that
    substantially limits one or more major life
    activity.
  • Has a history of such an impairment
  • Is perceived as having such an impairment
  • Is associated with an individual with an
    impairment

7
Introduction to Title IEmployment
  • The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) makes
    it unlawful to discriminate in employment against
    a qualified individual with a disability.
  • Applies to all employers with 15 or more
    employees
  • Enforced by the Equal Employment Opportunity
    Commission (EEOC)

8
Who is a qualified individual with a disability?
Qualified individual with a disability means an
individual with a disability who satisfies the
requisite skill, experience, education and other
job-related requirements of the employment
position such individual holds or desires, and
who, with or without a reasonable accommodation,
can perform the essential functions of such
position.
What is an essential job function?
The term essential functions means the
fundamental job duties of the employment position
the individual with a disability holds or
desires. The term essential functions does not
include the marginal functions of the position.
9
What is a reasonable accommodation?
  • Modifications or adjustments to a job
    application process
  • Modifications or adjustments to the work
    environment
  • Modifications or adjustments that enable a
    employee with a disability to enjoy equal
    benefits and privileges of employment

10
  • Reasonable Accommodation Requirement
  • An employer is required to provide a reasonable
    accommodation to a qualified applicant or
    employee with a disabilities unless the employer
    can show that the accommodation would be an undue
    hardship.

11
What is an undue burden and what factors can be
considered in determining undue hardship?
Undue hardship means, significant difficulty or
expense incurred by a covered entity, when
considered in light of several factors.
General Prohibitions
An employer must not limit, segregate, or
classify a job applicant or employee in a way
that adversely affects his or her employment
opportunities or status on the basis of
disability.
A Note about Reasonable Accommodations
  • A qualified individual with a disability is not
    required to accept an accommodation.

12
EEOC
  • Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
  • 1-800-669-4000
  • TTY number is 1-800-669-6820
  • www.eeoc.gov

13
Title I - Best Resource
  • Job Accommodation Network
  • 1-800-526-7234 (voice/TTY)
  • www.jan.wvu.edu
  • JAN, a free consulting service designed to
    increase the employability of people with
    disabilities.

14
J.A.N. Services
  • Providing individualized worksite accommodations
    solutions.
  • Providing technical assistance regarding the ADA
    and other disability related legislation.
  • Educating callers about self-employment options .
  • Searchable Online Accommodation Resource (SOAR)
    by disability.

15
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16
Introduction to Title II Governmental Entities
Transportation
  • Title II covers all activities of State and local
    governments regardless of the government entitys
    size or receipt of Federal Funding.
  • Enforced by the U.S. Department of Justice
  • Federal Transit Administration/ USDOT

17
General Rule
  • A public entity shall operate each service,
    program or activity so that the service, program,
    or activity, when viewed in its entirety, is
    readily accessible to and usable by individuals
    with disabilities.

18
Prohibitions under Title II
  • A public entity may not directly or through
    contractual, licensing or other arrangement
  • Deny Opportunities
  • Unequal Opportunity
  • Ineffective Opportunity
  • Aid Organizations
    that
    Discriminate

19
Policies and Practices under Title II
  • A public entity shall make reasonable
  • modifications in policies, practices and
  • procedures when the modifications are
  • necessary in order to avoid discrimination
  • Exception If the public entity can demonstrate
    that making the modifications would fundamentally
    alter the nature of the service, program or
    activity.

20
Eligibility Criteria under Title II
  • A public entity shall not impose or apply
    eligibility
  • criteria that screen out or tend to screen out an
    individual
  • with a disability or any class of individuals
    with
  • disabilities from fully and equally enjoying any
    service,
  • program or activity.
  • Exception If such criteria can be shown to be
  • necessary for the provision of the service,
    program, or
  • activity being offered.

21
Integrated Settings
  • A public entity shall administer services,
    programs, and activities in the most integrated
    setting appropriate to the needs of qualified
    individuals with disabilities.

22
Surcharges
  • A public entity may not place a surcharge on a
    particular individual with a disability or any
    group of individuals with disabilities to cover
    the costs of measures, such as the provision of
    auxiliary aids or program accessibility, which
    are required to provide that individual or group
    with the nondiscriminatory treatment required by
    the ADA.

23
Maintenance of Accessible Features
  • A public accommodation shall maintain in operable
    condition those features of facilities and
    equipment that are required to be readily
    accessible to and usable by persons with
    disabilities by the ADA.

24
Communications Access
  • Where a public entity communicates by telephone
    with applicants and beneficiaries, TTYs or
    equally effective telecommunications systems
    shall be used to communicate with individuals
    with impaired hearing or speech.
  • Telephone emergency services, including 911
    services, shall provide direct access to
    individuals who use TTYs and computer modems.

25
Program Accessibility
  • No qualified individual with a disability shall
    be
  • excluded from participation in, or be denied the
  • benefits of, the services, programs, or
    activities of a
  • public entity, or be subjected to discrimination
    by
  • any public entity because a public entitys
    facilities
  • are inaccessible to or unusable by individuals
    with
  • disabilities.

26
Title II Best Resource
  • 1-800-514-0307 (7)
  • 1-800-514-0383 (TTY)
  • www.ADA.gov
  • The U.S. Department of Justices Americans with
    Disabilities Act Home Page. Specifically
    covering Title II (State and Local Government
    Activities and Public Transportation) and Title
    III (Businesses and nonprofit service providers).

27
Title II - Services
  • ADA Enforcement and Mediation Program
  • ADA Design Standards
  • ADA Technical Assistance
  • ADA Checklist and Guidelines
  • Law Enforcement
  • Local Governments
  • Website Accessibility

28
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29
Introduction to Title IIIPublic Accommodations
  • Access to Goods and Services
  • Your Rights as a Customer
  • Enforced by the U.S. Department of Justice

30
Who is protected by Title III?
  • Same definition as in Title I
  • Persons with disabilities
  • Persons considered to have a disability
  • Persons with a history of disability
  • Persons associated with those with a disability

31
Who is Covered by Title III?
  • Public accommodations, (i.e. restaurants, bars,
    exhibition, sales/rental offices, public
    displays, social services, fitness centers,
    transit stations, lodgings, auditoriums, retail
    and service, education and recreation),
    individuals, professional offices, corporations,
    are covered by Title III.
  • Commercial facilities, shopping malls, warehouses
    and storage facilities, office buildings and
    parks are covered by Title III

32
Unlawful Discrimination
  • No individual shall be discriminated against on
    the basis of disability in a place of public
    accommodation

33
Reasonable Modifications
  • A public accommodation must reasonably modify its
    policies, practices or procedures to avoid
    discrimination.
  • Example Service Animals, Providing an assistant,
    etc.

34
Modification Exceptions
  • The business can show that it would fundamentally
    alter the nature of the services or
    accommodations being offered
  • Providing the aid or service would result in an
    undue burden, i.e., significant difficulty or
    expense
  • However public accommodations shall accommodate
    to the maximum extent possible

35
Accommodations for Persons with Visual Impairments
  • Reading short written documents on request
  • Large print versions of menus/lists of services
  • Use of Braille for larger documents
  • Add tactile/Braille signage at facilities

36
Accommodations for Persons with Hearing
Impairments
  • Using a pad for written conversations
  • Availability of amplified telephone equipment
  • Availability of a text telephone
  • Availability of captioned video
  • Installation of visual alarms
  • Sign language interpreters for the provision of
    professional services
  • Remember, you can not charge for
    accommodations!

37
Not Required by the ADA
  • Changes to the essential nature of the business
  • Displaying merchandise in a manner that reduces
    selling area
  • Providing restrooms or non-smoking spaces where
    such are not otherwise available

38
Title III - Best Resource
  • 1-800-514-0307 (7)
  • 1-800-514-0383 (TTY)
  • www.ada.gov
  • Services
  • ADA Business Connection
  • Information for Businesses including ADA
    Publications
  • ADA Business Briefs
  • Design Standards
  • ADA Regulations

39
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40
Introduction to Title IVTelecommunications
  • Telephone and television access for people with
    hearing and speech disabilities.
  • Enforced by Federal Communications Commission

41
Title IV - Requirements
  • access to telephone and television services for
    people with hearing and speech disabilities
  • requires telephone companies to establish
    interstate and intrastate telecommunications
    relay services that remain available 24 hour a
    day 7 days a week
  • requires closed captioning of Federally funded
    public service announcements

42
Title IV Best Resource
  • Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
  • www.fcc.gov/cgb/dro
  • 1-888-225-5322 (Voice)
  • 1-888-835-5322 (TTY)

43
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44
The Fair Housing Act
  • Is Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 a
    Federal Law, that prohibits discrimination in the
    sale, rental, and financing of dwellings, and in
    other housing-related transactions, based on
    race, color, national origin, religion, sex,
    familial status and disability.

45
Fair Housing Requirement 1
  • Prohibits discrimination against persons with
    disabilities.
  • It is unlawful for a housing provider to refuse
    to rent or sell to a person simply because of a
    disability. A housing provider may not impose
    different application or qualification criteria,
    rental fees or sales prices, and rental or sales
    terms or conditions than those required of or
    provided to persons who are not disabled.

46
Fair Housing Requirement 2
  • Requires housing providers to make reasonable
    accommodations for persons with disabilities.
  • A reasonable accommodation is a change in rules,
    policies, practices, or services so that a person
    with a disability will have an equal opportunity
    to use and enjoy a dwelling unit or common space.

47
Fair Housing Requirement 3
  • Requires housing providers to allow persons with
    disabilities to make reasonable modifications.
  • A reasonable modification is a structural
    modification that is made to allow persons with
    disabilities the full enjoyment of the housing
    and related facilities.

48
Fair Housing Requirement 4
  • Requires that new covered multifamily housing be
    designed and constructed to be accessible.
  • In covered multifamily housing consisting of 4 or
    more units with an elevator built for first
    occupancy after March 13, 1991, all units must
    comply with the design and construction
    requirements of the Fair Housing Act.

49
HUD
  • U.S. Housing and Urban Development
  • www.hud.gov
  • Complaint Process
  • Guidance
  • Case Study
  • Local Resources Enforcement Agencies

50
Fair Housing - Best Resource
  • Fair Housing Accessibility FIRST
  • 1-888-341-7781 (Voice/TTY)
  • www.FairHousingFIRST.org

51
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52
Clearinghouse on Disability Information
  • Contact the Clearinghouse Toll Free and/or by TTY
    at
  • 877-ADA-4-YOU (877-232-4968)
  • E-Mail clearinghouse_at_dms.myflorida.com
  • Address
  • 4030 Esplanade Way Suite 315
  • Tallahassee, FL 32399
  • Web Address www.abilityforum.com

53
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