SELECTION OF TECHNOLOGY IN COPING WITH THE MSW PROBLEM IN MALAYSIA

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Seminar Municipal Solid Waste Management Asia-Paci
fic Experience Sharing 26 November 2005, Hong
Kong
SELECTION OF TECHNOLOGY IN COPING WITH THE MSW
PROBLEM IN MALAYSIA
S.L. Tong Association of Environmental
Consultants Contractors of Malaysia
(AECCOM) www.aeccom.org.my sltong_at_pd.jaring.my
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CONTENTS

• Current Status of MSW Management in Malaysia
• Approach of the Government of Malaysia for MSW
  Management
• Selection of Thermal Treatment Technology
• Operations Maintenance Consideration

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I. Current Status of MSW Management in Malaysia
MSW Characteristics
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ROLE OF FEDERAL, STATE LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN MSW
MANAGEMENT

• Federal Government
• Ministry of Housing and Local Government
• Solid waste management funding and policy
  development
• Department of Environment
• Environmental management and control
• Ministry of Health
• Developing programmes and guidance on MSW in
  rural areas

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• State Government
• Policy and financial matters pertaining to Local
  Authorities functions
• Local Authorities
• Implementation agencies directly responsible over
  solid waste collection, treatment and disposal
• Provided services direct by the Local authorities
  or sub-contracted to the public

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LEGISLATION RELATED TO MSW MANAGEMENT

• No Federal and State Legislation that deals
  specifically with all aspects of MSW
• Current legislations used to manage solid waste
  nationwide
• Local Government Act 1976
• By-laws Refuse Collection, Removal and disposal
  By-Laws to regulate the service
• Street Drainage and Building Act 1974
• Currently in process of new MSW legislation

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PRESSING NEEDS OF SUITABLE FACILITIES TO TREAT
AND DISPOSE MSW

• Most acute in the capital city, the Federal
  Territory of Kuala Lumpur (FTKL) and the
  surrounding state of Selangor
• Waste generation estimates for 2004
• For FTKL 2,538 t/d
• For Selangor state 3,600 t/d

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Beroga
Solid Waste Management within the Federal
Territory of Kuala Lumpur (FTKL) and the state
of Selangor
Present TTP Site (Beroga)
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District/Municipal Council
Location
Area ha
Remaining Capacity, tons
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Factors Contributing to the Problem in MSW
Management in FTKL

• Relatively low level of allocation of funds for
  upgrading and expanding MSW treatment and
  disposal infrastructure
• Delay in the federalisation and privatisation of
  MSW services on a national scale due to delay in
  appropriate legislations and
• Problems faced in acquiring land to site
  treatment plants and disposal sites.

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II. Approach of the Government of Malaysia for
Efficient MSW Management
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The Principles
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The Approach

• Direct participation of Federal Government
  (through the Ministry of Housing Local
  Government, MHLG) - regionalisation and
  privatisation of MSW management services
• Reducing waste generation at source, recycling
  and reuse of latent resources prevailing with the
  discarded waste projected to achieve 16 by
  2025
• Multi-faceted treatment and disposal strategy
• Sanitary landfill
• Incineration and
• Composting

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Regional Multi-strategy MSW Plan for FTKL and the
State of Selangor ( 1999/2000)

• An incineration facility (Thermal Treatment
  Plant, TTP) to treat
• MSW from FTKL
• A regional, large scale sanitary landfill as
• Repository for remaining MSW generated from FTKL
• Certain developed part of Selangor state
• Residue produced by the TTP
• A transfer station to be built
• To economise transportation of MSW generated from
  FTKL to the regional TTP landfill facility

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Transfer Station for FTKL

• Built owned by the City Hall of KL at the
  northern part of FTKL, Taman Beringin
• Started operation April 2002
• Capacity 1,700 t/d
• Operated maintained by private company Alam
  Flora Sdn Bhd

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A New Sanitary Landfill

• Delay in finalisation of location of the site for
  more than 3 years
• Two sites were abandoned after Detailed
  Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) were
  carried out
• Final selection in early 2005 at Bukit Tagar,
  northern Selangor state, 70 km from Transfer
  station

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III. Selection of MSW Thermal Treatment
Technology in Malaysia
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Project Management Consultant for the Thermal
Treatment Plant Project

• Appointment by the Government of Malaysia under
  the coordination of MHLG, since 1999/2000
• Project Management Consultant (PMC) team
  comprising
• Yachiyo Engineering Co. Ltd, Japan as leader
• Minconsult Sdn Bhd
• HSS Integrated Sdn Bhd
• Engineering and Environmental Consultants Sdn Bhd

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Conceptual Design Study by PMC for the Thermal
Treatment Plant for FTKL

• Conceptual Design Study Report completed in
  December 2000
• Planning framework
• Target year 2025
• Total waste generation 3,433 t/d
• Recycling rate 16
• Waste for treatment disposal 2,900 t/d
• Thermal treatment plant 1,200 t/d
• Regional Landfill site gt1,700 t/d

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Selection of Technology

• Criteria of treatment requirements
• Maximum utilisation of resources and by-products,
  namely recovery of useful metals, waste heat and
  bottom ash utilisation
• Minimise the amount of final disposal materials
  in safe manners
• To apply the most advanced and proven
  satisfactorily treatment technology fulfilling
  the environmental standards
• Two stage thermal treatment technology
• Conventional technology ash-melting furnace
• Gasification ash-melting furnace

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Important Features of Gasification Ash-melting
Furnace Identified in Selection

• It generates syngas with high calorific value to
  melt residue produced
• Less dioxin produced because of lower temperature
  in gasification and higher temperature in the
  melting furnace
• No hazardous substance (dioxins and heavy metals)
  would be leached from the molten slag
• The slag can be used as construction material

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• Some TTP types can treat not only MSW, but also
  liquids sludge
• Higher efficiency of heat recovery
• Useful metals can be recovered
• Energy consumption efficiency is less compared to
  conventional incinerators

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Comparison Study of Thermal Treatment Technology

• Three types studied
• Stoker furnace
• Stoker ash-melting furnace
• Gasification ash-melting furnace
• See Table

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Selection of Gasification Ash-melting Furnace
System

• See Table

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gasification-Ash Melting Technology
Fluidized-bed Gasification furnace Circular type
ash melting furnace
Waste
Flue gas
550C-600C
1350C
Air
Air
Gasifier
Sand Material
Air
Ash Melter
Slag
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Detailed EIA for Proposed TTP for FTKL(Main
Channel of Public Participation)

• First DEIA for TTP to be located at Kampong
  Bohol, FTKL 2001/2002
• For MSW from FTKL only
• Decided to shift location in late 2002
• Second DEIA for TTP to be located at Beroga,
  Selangor state 2003/2004
• For 900 t/d of MSW from southern part of FTKL
  300 t/d of MSW from south-eastern part of
  Selangor state
• DEIA approved in mid 2004 and this clears the way
  for implementation

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Highlights of System to Be Built

• Fully under the responsibility of the Federal
  government
• To treat 1,200 t/d MSW
• To reduce the weight of as-received MSW by 95
• To recover and recycle steel and aluminum
  components
• To make use of the latent heat for power
  generation

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IV. Operations Maintenance Consideration

• Management, operations and maintenance of the TTP
  likely to be under priviatisation arrangement to
  be undertaken by private company
• Sources of income
• Tipping fees
• Sales of electricity to the grid (up to
  RM0.17/kWh)
• Reference rate of tipping fees
• Current rates for disposal to landfills RM
  35-50/t

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Thank You!