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Title: Sociopolitical Domain as a Bridge from General Words to Terms of Specific Domains


1
Sociopolitical Domain as a Bridge from General
Words to Terms of Specific Domains
Natalia V. Loukachevitch, Boris V. Dobrov
2
General Words and Terms in Automatic Text
Processing
  • Texts in electronic collections contain as
    general words as terms
  • Two different research domains lexicology and
    terminology
  • Wuster (founder of Vienna school of
    terminology) terminologists begin
    consideration from a concept, but lexicologists
    from a form of a linguistic expression

3
Wuster difference between lexicological and
terminological approaches
  • terminological research starts from the
    concept which has to be precisely delimited
  • in terminology concepts are considered to be
    independent from their designations
  • terminologists talk about concepts while
    linguists talk about word meanings

4
Construction of Wordnets and Terminology Research
  • Development of wordnets
  • Construction of hierarchical semantic
    networks
  • Search for similar synsets for different
    languages
  • building the top ontology of
    language-independent concepts
  • Approaches to study of general words and terms
    become closer

5
Theory of Terminology Properties of Ideal Term
  •  the term must relate directly to the
    concept. It must express the concept clearly,
  • there should be no synonyms where absolute,
    relative or apparent,
  •   the contents of terms should be precise and
    not overlap in meaning with other terms,
  •   the meaning of the term should be
    independent of context.

6
Theory of terminology serious difference
between a general word and a term
  • biunivocal relationship between concepts and
    terms in each special field of knowledge
  • For a terminology nothing could be better than
    that no synonymy, no homonymy and no polysemy
  • A huge gap between general words and terms
  • BUT!

7
Term Formation and Words of General Language
  • A general sense of a word and a
    terminological senses of a word are really
    different function as a general word,
    function in mathematics, function in
    biology
  • Cruse senses of a lexical form are
    antagonistic to one another that is to say ,
    they can not be brought into play
    simultaneously without oddness

8
A word and a term are very similar in meaning
  • arson - Law. the malicious burning of another's
    house or property, or in some statutes, the
    burning of one's own house or property, as to
    collect insurance (Random House Unabriged
    dictionary)
  • A general dictionary uses a very strict definition

9
How to distinguish terminological and general
senses
  • Teacher in court accused of school arsonA
    teacher charged with setting fire to a West
    Yorkshire school has appeared in court. Amina
    Ditta, 23, of Scholemoor Road, Bradford, has
    faced the city's magistrates court charged with
    one count of arson. The charge relates to an
    incident last Wednesday at Atlas Primary School
    in Manningham, where Ms Ditta was employed. She
    spoke only to confirm her personal details and
    was represented by barrister Mr Narinda Sekhon.
    She was granted conditional bail to return to
    court on June 12.
  • (http//www.ananova.com/news/story/sm_579296.htm
    l)

10
Traditional point of view definitions
  • Traditional terminologists definitions of
    terms are strict in comparison to glosses of
    general words
  • Contemporary point of view degree of
    vagueness in term definitions is lower, but in
    many cases it is inevitable.
  • Taxation in Russian legislation New
    construction vs. repair

11
How many general and terminological senses are so
close? - 1
  • Building - relatively permanent enclosed
    construction over a plot of land, having a roof
    and usually windows and often more than one
    level, used for any of a wide variety of
    activities, as living, entertaining, or
    manufacturing (Unabridged Webster dictionary)
  • Domains
  • Construction industry
  • Domain of public utilities
  • It is impossible to separate senses
  • Practically all denotations are the same

12
How many general and terminological senses are so
close? - 2
  • transportation means, job positions,
    technical devices, food, agricultural plants
    and animals other natural objects, art work
    and others
  • Produced by professionals
  • we use them in everyday life
  • social, political and economic processes
  • planned or restricted by professionals,
  • our life is influenced by them

13
General words and terminologies
  • Intersection is significant
  • Number of words in general dictionaries --
    40-50 percents belong to the intersection area
  • We call this intersection area --
    socio-political domain -- domain of social
    life -- it describes everyday life of
    contemporary society

14
The sociopolitical domain and domains in WordNet
  • Many researchers proposed sets of domains for
    WordNet and EuroWordNet
  • The sociopolitical domain is approximately equal
    to sum of the proposed domains
  • A synset is related to the sociopolitical domain
    if there is a professional domain (not science)
    that has a term with very similar sense (-
    vagueness)
  • Emotions and feelings do not belong to the
    sociopolitical domain

15
Multiword terms from specific domains
  • A lot of multiword terms from professional
    domains are understandable to native speakers
  • Multinational country
  • Single member constituency
  • Amicable agreement
  • Global market
  • Criminal omission
  • Special criteria for inclusion of multiword
    expressions

16
Features of Sociopolitical Domain-1
  • Texts of various genres official documents,
    international treaties, legislative documents,
    newspaper articles are related to the
    sociopolitical domain.
  • Development of a unified linguistic resource for
    automatic text processing of such various texts
  • A broad basis for development of domain-specific
    resources

17
Features of Sociopolitical Domain-2
  • Inclusion of multiword terms facilitates
    disambiguation procedures
  • Ambiguity within the domain is much lower than in
    the whole resource, distinctions between senses
    are more definite and more important it is
    possible to use different disambiguation
    procedures within the sociopolitical domain and
    out of the domain
  • Procedures of identification of lexical cohesion,
    lexical chains can be also different for synsets
    in the sociopolitical area and out of it, because
    of more thematic definiteness of concepts in the
    sociopolitical domain (privatization vs.
    creation)

18
Experience of Work in Sociopolitical Domain
  • Project University Information System RUSSIA
    (www.cir.ru) 800 thousand Russian Documents
    (after 1991)
  • Russian thesaurus on Sociopolitical life (since
    1994) concept-based network of 30 thousand
    concepts, 75 thousand words and terms
  • Automatic text processing since 1995 text
    categorization, automatic conceptual indexing,
    text summarization

19
University Information System RUSSIA
(www.cir.ru) 800,000/ 7.5Gb
20
Socio-Political Domain vs. Lexicon
Sciences
110,000 text entries 50,000 concepts
Lexicon
75,000 text entries 30,000 concepts
Socio-Political Domain
Levels of Hierarchy
21
Specific Domains vs. Socio-Political
Socio-Political Domain
Elections
Geography
Industrial Production
Levels of Hierarchy
22
Interrelations between Socio-Political Domains
Socio-Political Domain
Taxation
Law
Accounting
Banking
Levels of Hierarchy
23
Sciences vs. Socio-Political Domain
Social Sciences
Socio-Political Domain
Natural Sciences
Socio-Political Domain
24
Specific applications of Sociopolitical thesaurus
  • Terms of economics and sociology were included
    automatic text categorization of scientific
    papers (700 Categories JEL (Journal of Economic
    Literature subject headings)
  • Terms of non-production spheres were added
    automatic text categorization of Russian
    legislation (3000 categories of the commercial
    subject headings system)

25
Conclusions-1
  • A border between a general language lexicon
    and terminologies of specific domains is not
    sharp and abrupt.
  • It looks more like a broad strip and
    contains general language senses practically
    coinciding with concepts of social subdomains
    and concepts of specific domains
    understandable for native speakers

26
Conclusions-2
  • Detailed description of concepts, terms, words
    from this transition area, called
    sociopolitical domain, can be naturally added
    to a wordnet semantic network
  • and facilitate solution of such problems as
    lexical disambiguation and identification of the
    text structure, enhance coverage of
    domain-specific texts by wordnets synsets,
    improve effectiveness of the wordnets use in
    various automatic text processing applications

27
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