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HCI Research Project

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Title: HCI Research Project


1
HCI Research Project
2
Research Paradigms
  • Theoretical (in the style of mathematics)
  • Mathematical deduction
  • Simulation
  • Analysis of algorithms
  • The researcher
  • Checks many examples
  • Conjectures a result in the form of a theorem
  • Constructs the proof of the theorem from known
    results

3
Research Paradigms (2)
  • Experimental (in the style of psychology)
  • Hypotheses checked with controlled
    experimentation
  • The researcher
  • Poses hypotheses
  • Extensive background reading
  • Appropriate theoretical model
  • Conducts controlled experiments
  • Performs statistical analysis of data
  • Draws conclusions

4
Sample Research Questions
  • Why dont typical users invoke advanced search
    strategies?
  • What is the preferred method of making a choice
    from a lengthy list? Note behavior of scroll
    bar, key index
  • What is the best semantics for the Tab key
    operating on a Web form?
  • What is the best shopping cart checkout design?

5
Sample Research Questions (2)
  • What features should pie menus have in a
    gesture-based interface?
  • How should information scent be shown on search
    reports?
  • What intelligent agents are most helpful in a
    tiny interface?
  • What ZUI widgets are most helpful for information
    retrieval?

6
Questions to Hypotheses
  • Key is measurability
  • Identify
  • Independent variable(s) those things the
    researcher can control
  • Dependent variables those things the researcher
    can measure
  • Aside What is measurable?

7
Measuring Things
  • Objectively
  • Time to do, to correct, to learn
  • Counts tasks performed, errors made
  • Distance, or other geometrical attributes
  • Text density, complexity, reading level
  • Images size, color
  • Subjectively
  • Preference
  • Rating scale

8
Good Experimental Design
  • Limit number of independent variables
  • Limit number of values for each independent
    variable
  • Make dependent variables easy to measure
  • Develop good working definitions
  • Control for external bias
  • Guard against learning and practice

9
Good Experimental Design (2)
  • Base hypotheses on theoretical model
  • Phrase hypotheses in measurable terms
  • Choose subjects representative of larger group

10
Example 1
  • From Goren-Bar, What Do Users Prefer
  • Hypothesis 1 . users in general will find the
    user-oriented search method as more suitable for
    searching the web, compared to search methods
    that do not consider the user perspective.

11
Example 1 (continued)
  • Hypothesis 2 Novice and knowledgeable users
    will not have the same response to both search
    approaches.

12
Example 2
  • From St. Amant, Navigation and Intelligent
    Assistance
  • Assume that the precision and recall of an
    intelligent assistant can be controlled.
  • Hypothesis 1 Is any assistance better than no
    assistance?

13
Example 2 (continued)
  • Hypothesis 2 Does task performance change with
    the precision of the assistance? (Precision
    proportion of assistance that is relevant)
  • Hypothesis 3 Does task performance change with
    the recall of the assistance? (Recall
    proportion of relevant information that is
    provided)

14
Example 3
  • From Basgodan, Touch in Shared Virtual
    Environments
  • Hypothesis Touch is an essential element in
    performing a task in a shared virtual environment.

15
Human Subjects
  • Informed consent
  • Minimized risks
  • Institutional Review Board (IRB)
  • Expedited review
  • Application form

16
Organization
  • Teams of two or three
  • Membership approved by instructor
  • Members choose leader

17
Items to be Submitted
  • Initial phase
  • Team membership preferences
  • Hypotheses, independent and dependent variables
  • Bibliography
  • IRB approval formincludes experimental design
    and materials
  • Oral presentation of project

18
Items to be Submitted (2)
  • Investigative phase
  • Progress reports as required
  • Final phase
  • Draft of Introduction, Background and Theoretical
    Foundation
  • Draft of Results, Analysis, Conclusion
  • Final report oral and written
  • Poster abstract and design

19
Research Ideas
20
Turning Issues into Research
  • Need earlier prompts with some car navigation
    systems
  • Help systems need to be helpful
  • Should order of input matter?
  • Should the system respond after it receives input
    from the user?
  • Speech recognition systems are poor, not very
    accurate

21
Issues into Research (2)
  • Time delays in responding to input are annoying,
    may have high error cost.
  • Controls should match mental models
  • Systems should display current data and use a
    continuous update strategy
  • Error messages should make sense to the user.

22
Research Questions
  • What is the task analysis of purchasing an
    airplane ticket? How well is it supported by an
    airline website as displayed on a smart phone?
  • How should a PDA support a shopping list?
  • How can an email interface support task
    management?

23
Questions (2)
  • How do people manage their digital photographs?
  • What is the best interface for a GPS-based
    navigation system?
  • What are the features of a good proximity-aware
    recommender system?

24
Questions (3)
  • What design features promote the success of
    reprogrammable keys? Or of soft keyboards?
  • How fast should automatic scrolling of
    information on limited size screens proceed?

25
Sources for More Ideas
  • CHI Conference Proceedings
  • ACM Transactions on HCI
  • Course web site
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