Advantages of a Rail Based System in Urban Transportation.

1
Overview Of Rail Transit Systems And Experience
Of Delhi Metro
By Satish Kumar, Director Delhi Metro Rail
Corporation.
2
CONTENTS

• Overview of Rail Transit System World Scenario.
• Type of Metros.
• Delhi Metro Phase I experience.
• Viability of Metro Systems.
• Growth of Metros in India.

3
METRO PLANNING WORLD FACTS

• All developed countries start planning for a
  Metro when the population of the city nears one
  million mark.
• By the time the population level reaches two
  million mark a Metro network is in place.
• The density of Metros in the various Continents
  is given in Table in next slide.

4

• World average - For every 1 Mn population of a
  city there are 19 kms. long Metro line.
• Just against this standard Indias standing is
  indeed very low (4 km per Mn).

5
METRO SCENARIO

• There are 135 Metros in the world covering a
  total kilometrage of nearly 6700.
• The oldest Metro in the world is London
  Underground which has 11 lines covering 408 kms.
• The latest Metro is in Delhi consisting of three
  lines covering 65 kms.
• The greatest activity on the Metro front is now
  taking place in China where Metros are under
  consideration/construction in 43 cities where
  population is more than 1 Mn.
• China is aiming to reach a total kilometrage of
  1500 by the year 2015.

6
Advantages of a Rail Based System in Urban
Transportation

• Only a rail-based system -
• Can achieve carrying capacity as high as 60,000 -
  90,000 phpdt.
• Requires 1/5th energy per passenger km compared
  to road-based system.
• Causes no air pollution in the city.
• Causes lesser noise level
• Occupies no road space if underground and only
  about 2 metre width of the road if elevated.

7
Advantages of a Rail Based System in Urban
Transportation

• Carries same amount of traffic as 9 lanes of bus
  traffic or 33 lanes of private motor cars (either
  way).
• Is more reliable, comfortable and safer than
  road-based system.
• Reduces journey time by anything between 50 and
  75 depending on road conditions.

8
TYPES OF METRO

• A Metro can be either underground or elevated and
  in case of outskirts of the cities on the ground
  even.
• Metros can be -
• Heavy capacity with a capacity of 60-90,000
  phpdt.
• Medium capacity with a capacity of 40-50,000
  phpdt, or,
• A light metro with the capacity ranging from
  25-30,000 phpdt.
• When the traffic volume exceeds 12,000 phpdt it
  can be handled only by a rail-based Metro System.
  
• Metros can be either with pneumatic wheels or
  steel wheels on steel rails. In either case the
  traction is by electric energy.
• Other MRTS modes are Mono Rail, Sky Bus, High
  Capacity buses etc.

9
EXPERIENCE OF DELHI METRO
10
DELHI

• Countrys capital.
• Population 14 Mn
• Area 1486 sq km
• Vehicles 4 Mn
• Heavy pollution
• High rate of road accidents.
• Many corridors carry more than 20000 PHPDT.
• Rly network 144 km
• Rly carries only 2 of commuters.

11
DELHI METRO

• A joint venture between GOI and Delhi Government
  on a 5050 basis, with equal no of Directors from
  GoI GNCTD.
• Delhi Metro Rail Corporation has the
  responsibility for construction and operation of
  Delhi Metro.
• Master Plan for Delhi consists of 8 lines
  covering 245 km to be completed in 4 Phases.
• Work started on 1st Oct98. Phase I (63 km)
  completed by Dec05 and its extension from
  Barakhamba Rd to IP (2.8 km) by Nov06.
• First section opened in Dec-2002.
• Phase-I consists of three lines length 65.1 km.
  of which 15.5 km is underground the balance
  elevated with total no. of 59 stations.

12
Delhi Metro Phase I COST FUNDING PLAN
THE ESTIMATED COST OF THE PROJECT Rs 6000 Cr.
(AT APRIL 96 PRICE LEVEL)
Estimated completion cost of the Project by Dec
2005 Rs. 10570 Crores
FUNDING PLAN
13
DESIGN FEATURES OF DELHI METRO
14
CORPORATE MISSION OF DELHI METRO

• DELHI METRO TO BE WORLD CLASS IN REGARD TO
  SAFETY, RELIABILITY, COMFORT, CUSTOMER
  SATISFACTION.
• METRO TO OPERATE ON SOUND COMMERCIAL LINES
  OBVIATING THE NEED FOR GOVERNMENT SUPPORT.

Technologies to be chosen keeping in view the
above and tropical climate of Delhi future
requirements for upgradation.
15
CHALLENGES

• Delhi Metro Project is the biggest urban
  intervention since Independence.
• Project is to be executed in very difficult urban
  environments.
• Being in the capital city all actions under close
  scrutiny.
• The Project implementation period compressed from
  10 years to 7 years 3 months.
• Metro being constructed to world class standards
  with frontline technologies.

16
CHALLENGES

• The expertise and technology not available in the
  country. Legal cover needed for construction and
  operations not in position.
• The sensitivities of the city to be respected
  during construction No hardship or
  inconvenience to the public Structures should
  be aesthetic merge with surroundings.
• Large number of utilities.
• CAG CVC guidelines.
• Religious Archaeological structures.

17
How Challenges have been met

• A new approach to tendering system contract
  management, with delegation of powers.
• Nurturing a Unique Work Culture.
• Training and Motivation of Employees.
• Good Public relation/education.
• Identification of critical and important issues.
• Seeking intervention of higher authorities of the
  Govt for timely resolutions-
• GNCTD MoUD
• Empowered committee (headed by Cabinet Secy)
• Group of Ministers
• As a result Phase-I completed (7½ years against
  10 years) within budget is operational.

18
Highlights of Phase-I Operation

• About 1100 train trips with 60 train sets.
• Average Ridership 4.6 to 5.2 lakhs per day.
• Average Revenue Earning per day Rs. 60 lakh
  (Excl Property Development Revenue)
• Frequency during peak hours -
• 4 min on line 1 2.
• 5 min on line 3.
• Trains operate -
• From 6 AM to 10 PM on line 1 2.
• From 6 AM to 10.30 PM on line 3.
• Punctuality measured with a least count of 60
  Seconds (average punctuality above 99).
• The system is making an operational profit.

19
Phase-II of Delhi Metro

• Work on 76 km with 61 stations at a cost above
  Rs. 11,000 Cr is in progress.
• Targeted to be completed in 4½ years before
  Commonwealth Games (Oct2010).

20
COST OF METRO

• Metro is a highly capital intensive.
• Based on Delhis experience the cost of different
  systems are as follows -

21
VIABILITY OF A METRO SYSTEM

• In the case of Metro, the Operator has to bear
  the entire cost of infrastructure such as civil
  cost, EM cost and rolling stock cost and in
  addition the entire operating and maintenance
  cost as well.
• On the other hand, in a road-based system, the
  operator has to bear only the cost of transport
  vehicles and their operating and maintenance
  cost.
• The infrastructure cost of building roads,
  maintenance of roads, lighting, etc. are borne by
  the City or City Government.

22
VIABILITY OF A METRO SYSTEM

• Therefore, if we are to compare the cost of road
  transportation vis-à-vis a Metro cost, the former
  should also include the proportionate cost of
  infrastructure and its maintenance.
• In DMRC we have made a comparative study and have
  come to the conclusion that if the transport
  volume to be handled is more than 18000 phpdt,
  then a Metro System is a better financial option
• If all the social benefits are taken Metro is a
  better economical option if phpdt exceeds 8000.

23
METROS MAKING PROFIT

• As per the information available on internet
  following Metros are only making profit -

Sufficient profit to pay back the loan.
24
GROWTH OF METROS IN INDIA

• 10th Plan Document has envisaged that all cities
  with more than 5 million population should have a
  Metro System.
• This should then be extended to cities with more
  than 3 million population.
• DMRC has already carried out investigations and
  studies for the Metro Systems in Bangalore,
  Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Mumbai, Cochin and Calcutta.

25
CONCLUSION

• DMRCs institutional arrangement has worked well
  so far in achieving results within budget and on
  time.

26
Thank You
DMRC Ltd. N.B.C.C. Place Bhishma Pitamah
Marg Pragati Vihar New Delhi - 110 003.
27
COMFORT RELIABILITY FEATURES

• UNDERGROUND STATIONS
• Air-conditioned
• TRAINS
• Air-conditioned,
• Doors closed,
• On board passenger announcement display system,
  
• Facility for passengers to talk to driver,
• Low platform gap,
• Space earmarked for handicapped.
• Fully Vestibule

28
DELHI METRO TRAIN

• Aero dynamic cab styling
• Modernized car body contour
• Exterior panels and wide windows
• Austenitic stainless steel without paint
• 4 wide doors on each side

Vehicle Exterior View
29
DELHI METRO TRAIN

• Optimized arrangement of
• Interior passengers facilities
• Harmonized and modernized
• Interior Color Scheme
• Scratch proof interior panel
• Skid free, fire resistant floor

Vehicle Interior View
30
COMFORT RELIABILITY FEATURES

• Facility for physically challenged people, wheel
  chair, tactile flooring at Stations
• Heavy duty escalators with additional safety
  devices
• Lifts for handicapped Access ensured
• Automatic Fare Collection system by Smart Cards /
  Smart Tokens for ease of use.
• Security checks for safety of passengers.

31
COMFORT RELIABILITY FEATURES

• Train activated PAS PIDS
• Direct duplicate power supply from 220/66 kV grid
  for each line
• For underground corridor - Direct duplicate power
  supply for IP Gas Turbine substation at 66 kV
  Islanding facility
• Interconnection between Line-1, Line-2 Line-3
  to ensure reliability
• Standby DG sets for underground corridor for
  ventilation/essential loads
• Back Up Battery UPS for emergency services
  (lighting, signaling, signages, etc.)

32
PUNCTUALITY

• Total services per day - 1106
• Punctuality measured with least count of 60
  seconds
• Other Metros 2 or 3 minutes
• Generally 100
• On some days 99.5 to 99.8
• Avg. 2005-06 99.66
• 2004-05 99.62
• Comparable with highly efficient metros like
  Taipai / Singapore

33
Operational Safety Risk Management

• Safe running of trains
• Automatic Train Protection (Emergency brakes,
  if driver exceeds speed)
• Automatic Train Operation
• Automatic Train Supervision
• Auto Train Regulation
• Auto Route Setting
• The signal systems are designed, developed,
  tested, verified and validated by ISA to the
  highest safety level
• SIL 4
• Sprinklers on Platform.
• Selective Passenger Baggage Inspection.
• BMS system for operational control ventilation
  system.
• Probability of Accident (fatal accidents 1 in
  1010)
• Reversible Ventilation System in Tunnels

34
ACCREDITION

• Delhi Metro has been awarded OHSAS 18001
  (Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series
  18001) by Registro Italiano Navale India Pvt.
  Ltd. (RINA), Genova.