Focus Activity: 5 Minutes Time in Antebellum America

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Focus Activity 5 MinutesTime in Antebellum
America

• Which of the following best represents Time in
  the Antebellum South Why?(Discuss with a
  partner)

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Chapter 13 The Slave South

• CQ How and why did slavery shape all aspects of
  Southern Life (1820-1860)?(The Antebellum Period)

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Missouri Compromise, 1820
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Antebellum Southern Society
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Southern Slavery--gt An Aberration?

• 1780s 1st antislavery society created in Phila.
• 1804 slavery eliminated from last northern
  state.
• 1808 the legal termination of the slave trade.
• 1820s newly indep. Republics of Central So.
  America declared their slaves free.
• 1833 slavery abolished throughout the British
  Empire.
• 1844 slavery abolished in the Fr. colonies.
• 1861 the serfs of Russia were emancipated.

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Changes in Cotton Production
1820
1860
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Southern Population
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Characteristics of the Antebellum South

• Primarily agrarian.
• Economic power shifted from the upper South to
  the lower South.
• Cotton Is King! 1860--gt 5 mil. bales a
  yr. (57 of total US exports).
• Very slow development of industrialization.
• Rudimentary financial system.
• Inadequate transportation system.
• Approximately 1/3 black
• Mississippi South Carolina

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Southern Society (1850)
Slavocracyplantation owners
6,000,000
The Plain Folkwhite yeoman farmers
Black Freemen
250,000
Black Slaves3,200,000
Total US Population --gt 23,000,0009,250,000 in
the South 40
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Anti-Slave Pamphlet
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Southern Pro-SlaveryPropaganda
List southerners defenses of slavery(legal,
historical, religious)
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Antebellum Southern Plantations Economy
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Value of Cotton Exports As of All US Exports
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Slave-Owning Population (1850)
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Slave-Owning Families (1850)
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Southern Agriculture
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Northern-Southern Divergence

• Economic Social Diversity
• Limited industrialization railroads
• gt50 of North
• Political efforts at change
• Banking network
• Education rejection of free labor ideal

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Graniteville Textile Co.
Founded in 1845, it was the Souths first attempt
at industrialization in Richmond, VA
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Antebellum Southern Plantation Life
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A Real Georgia Plantation
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Antebellum Plantation Hierarchy
Slavocracyplantation owners
Paternalism
Welfare of Plantation
Mistress
White Children
Black Slaves3,200,000
Why were miscegenation Southern Honor two of
the by-products of this system?
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The Southern Belle
Partner Assessment List ideal personal
characteristics for a Plantation Mistress.
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The Ledger of John White

• Matilda Selby, 9, 400.00 sold to Mr. Covington,
  St. Louis, 425.00
• Brooks Selby, 19, 750.00 Left at Home Crazy
• Fred McAfee, 22, 800.00 Sold to
  Pepidal,Donaldsonville, 1200.00
• Howard Barnett, 25, 750.00 Ranaway. Sold out of
  jail, 540.00
• Harriett Barnett, 17, 550.00 Sold to Davenport
  and Jones, Lafourche, 900.00

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Slaves Picking Cottonon a Mississippi Plantation
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Slaves Using the Cotton Gin
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Slaves the Quarters

• When did slaves begin to labor?
• What did the vast majority of slaves do?
• What tasks did house slaves complete?
• What types of hours did slaves work?

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A Slave Family

• Family
• Why did family play such a central role in
  slaves lives?
• What were the two leading causes of marriages
  ending?
• Religion
• How did slaves adopt adapt Christianity to fit
  their needs?

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The Culture of Slavery

• Black Christianity Baptists or Methodists
  more emotional worship services. negro
  spirituals..
• Nuclear family with extended kin links,where
  possible.
• Importance of music in their lives. esp.
  spirituals.

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Slaves posing in front of their cabin on a
Southern plantation.
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Slave Resistance Rebellions
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Slave Resistance

• SAMBO pattern of behavior used as a charade in
  front of whites the innocent, laughing black man
  caricature bulging eyes, thick lips, big smile,
  etc..

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Slave Resistance

• Refusal to work hard.
• Isolated acts of sabotage.
• Escape via the Underground Railroad.

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Runaway Slave Ads
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Slave Accoutrements
Slave MasterBrands
Slave muzzle
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Slave Accoutrements
Slave tag, SC
Slave leg irons
Slave shoes
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Quilt Patterns as Secret Messages
The Monkey Wrench pattern, on the left, alerted
escapees to gather up tools and prepare to flee
the Drunkard Path design, on the right, warned
escapees not to follow a straight route.
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Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum South
Gabriel Prosser1800
1822
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Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum South
Nat Turner, 1831
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Black Free on the Middle Ground

• Revolutionary Era Emancipation
• Where Why did it happen?
• Why did it worry white Southerners?
• Antebellum Era Restrictions
• What steps did southern governments take?
• How did these limit free blacks political,
  social, and economic opportunity?
• What evidence indicated that some free blacks
  achieved success? Where How did they do it?

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Slave-Owning Population (1850)

• What does this graph prove about the majority of
  southerners?
• Who was the average southerner?
• Into which two categories did demographers divide
  them?

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Plantation Belt Yeomen

• Agricultural Agenda
• Which crops did yeomen grow?
• How did they profit from King Cotton the
  plantocracy?
• What were the aspirations of the plantation belt
  yeomen? Why?

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Upcountry Yeomen

• How did/didnt upcountry yeomen differ from those
  in the plantation belt?
• Agriculture?
• Exchange?
• Stake in slavery?
• Oral Tradition?
• Religion?

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Politics of Slavery

• Legacy of Jacksonian Democracy
• Suffrage
• Two-Party System
• Perpetuation/Tweaking of Status Quo
• Deference
• Common Interest
• John A. Quitman--Mississippi
• Property Taxes
• Flat, regressive accepted why?

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US Laws Regarding Slavery

• U. S. Constitution 3/5s compromise I.2
  fugitive slave clause IV.2
• 1793 --gt Fugitive Slave Act.
• 1850 --gt stronger Fugitive Slave Act.

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Slavery the Southern Way of Life

• List Political, Social and Economic Realities
  that defend the above statement
• List reasons why southerners would have been
  increasingly entrenched with regards to position
  on slavery.

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Bibliography

• Pojer, Sue. PowerPoint Palooza The French and
  Indian War.
• 15 September 2006
• lthttp//historyteacher.net/PPTPortalPage.htmgt.
• 21 September 2006.