ENGINEERING LESSON GUIDE 10

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INTRODUCTION TO NAVAL ENGINEERING
GAS TURBINE APPLICATIONS
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Engineering Plant Layout
Spruance Class Destroyers
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GAS TURBINE ENGINESLM 2500GAS TURBINE
GENERATORSALLISON 501-k 17
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INTAKE AND EXHAUST SYSTEMS
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INTAKE DUCTS

• Located to prevent ingestion of SW
• NBC considerations
• Contains
• Demisters
• Intake Heaters
• Blow-in Doors
• Allows engine removal

• FOD screen
• Silencers
• Separator Pads

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EXHAUST DUCTS

• Routes exhaust gases to atmosphere
• Contains
• Silencers
• Exhaust Gas Cooling
• Higher than intake

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SAFETY FEATURES

• AUTOMATIC SHUTDOWNS
• HIGH VIBRATION (GAS GENERATOR AND/OR POWER
  TURBINE)
• COOLING SYSTEM FAILURE
• MODULE FIRE (TEMP AND UV SENSORS)
• HIGH TURBINE INLET TEMPERATURE (1530 F)
• LOW LUBE OIL PRESSURE (6 PSIG)
• POWER TURBINE OVERSPEED
• BATTLE OVERRIDE
• INHIBITS ALL AUTOMATIC SHUTDOWNS EXCEPT TURBINE
  OVERSPEED, USED ONLY WITH COMMANDING OFFICER
  PERMISSION

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Engineering Plant Layout
Spruance Class Destroyers
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AUXILIARY AND SUPPORT MACHINERY
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PURPOSE OF AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT

• Equipment which is used to support
• the operation of the engineering
• plants as well as other equipment throughout
  the ship

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SPECIFIC AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT (Spruance)

• AC Units
• 3-4 units
• Used for AC or refrigeration
• Sewage Plants
• typically 2
• Fire Pumps
• 6 pumps
• Multiple will always be available

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SPECIFIC AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT (Spruance)

• Waste Heat Boilers
• 3 boilers (one next to each GTGS)
• Used for hot water heaters, distilling plant,
  galley, heating, etc.
• Evaporators (2 in same location)
• Seawater Pumps (3)
• HP/LP Air Compressors
• 2 HP, 2 LP

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DD-963 CLASS CONTROLS

• Engineering Control and Surveillance System
  (ECSS)
• Automated electronic control and monitoring
  system for main propulsion turbines, generating
  sets, and most auxiliaries
• Monitor and provide printout of major engineering
  parameters

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DD-963 CLASS CONTROLS

• Signal from bridge routed through the Propulsion
  and Auxiliary Control Console (PACC) in the
  central control station and then through the
  Propulsion Local Control Console (PLCC) in each
  main engineering room

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PROPULSION LINEUPS

• Full-Power Lineup
• Use of all four GTEs on both shafts
• Gives greater than 30 knots
• Split-Plant Lineup
• One GTE on each shaft
• Gives up to 30 knots
• Trail Shaft Lineup
• One GTE on one shaft
• Idle shaft is windmilling
• Gives up to 19 knots

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ADVANTAGES OF THE PROPULSION PLANT L/US

• Readiness quick S/U times
• Fuel Costs most cruising speeds can be done on
  one engine
• Maintenance less overall run time on each engine
• Reliability have 4 engines
• Personnel Requirements fewer watchstanders needed

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Operation of the Allison T-56 turboprop engine

• Single shaft construction
• Construction characteristics
• 14 stage compressor
• can-annular combustor
• 4 stage turbine rotor - drives the compressor,
  accessory gear drive, propeller reduction gear
  assembly, and the hot exhaust gases are directed
  through a nozzle producing additional thrust

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Operation of aircraft engines and their naval
applications

• Turbojet engine
• used aboard A-6 and A-4 aircraft
• develops thrust due to expansion of escaping
  exhaust gases
• turbine drives the compressor and auxiliaries

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Operation of aircraft engines and their naval
applications

• Turbofan engine
• used aboard F/A-18, A-7, AV-8 aircraft
• turbine drives a fan which compresses large
  volumes of air, the expansion of this air from
  the fan provides the thrust for the aircraft
• advantages over turbojet include lower fuel
  consumption, lower noise level, produces more
  thrust for shorter takeoffs

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Use of gas turbine propulsion engines in motor
vehicle applications

• Humvee
• A-1 Abrams Tank

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QUESTIONS?
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Reading

• Introduction to Naval Engineering
• Chapter 8, pp. 143-164
• Principles of Naval Engineering
• Chapter 5, pp. 5-1 - 5-20

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QUESTIONS ????