OLD MAPS AND NEW LANDSCAPES On global justice and human rights

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OLD MAPS AND NEW LANDSCAPESOn global justice and
human rights
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• SOVEREIGNTY AND HUMAN RIGHTS
• How to conceive the World Society?
• ENLIGHTENED NATIONALISM VERSUS NEW
  COSMOPOLITANISM
• To what extent is the issue of distributive
  justice related to democracy and human rights?
• TOWARDS A CRITICAL THEORY OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
• Which kind of theory do we need for a critical
  analysis and assessment of the World Society?

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1. SOVEREIGNTY AND HUMAN RIGHTS

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THE THREE MAIN ISSUES

• Issue of global justice gt poverty, etc.
• Issue of plurality gt peaceful encounter of people
  with different cultures or a clash of
  civilizations, etc.
• Environmental issue gt global warming, etc.
• How to cope with these issues?
• World State? No option!
• Global governance?

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GLOBAL GOVERNANCE

• Governance without government.
• Business actors establishing their own
  transnational regulatory mechanism to manage
  issues of common concern.
• The mergence of ngos and transnational advocacy
  networks.

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THE LEGITIMACY OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE

• What is a legitimate system of global governance?
  
• The legitimacy of global governance needs to be
  assessed form the point of view of both
  effectiveness and accountability.
• Democratic deficit
• - Globalization generates an a-symmetry
  between political decision-makers and the
  recipients of political decisions.
• - Those who are affected by decisions are often
  excluded from decision making process.

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WESTPHALIAN ORDER
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POST-WESTPHALIAN CHANGES IN SOVEREIGNTY

• The disaggregatin of citizenship rights through
  the extension of cosmopolitan norms.
• The sovereignty-based model of international law
  appears to be ceding not to global justice, but
  to a world order dominated by some actors who are
  not accountable for what they decide.
• What about citizenship righst and human rights?

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ASPECTS OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN HUMAN HISTORY

• The universalization of human rights.
• In the nation state connected with citizenship.
• Human rights have become more and more an aspect
  of international right, the law of peoples and
  ngos.
• The transformation of human rights into human
  rights.
• The tension between legality and morality as a
  trigger for the development of the political
  struggel about human rights.

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2. ENLIGHTENED NATIONALISM VERSUS NEW
COSMOPOLITANISM
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ENLIGHTENED NATIONALISM

• What do we owe to people in the poor countries?
• We are only responsible for those who are members
  of our own polity.
• Our own polity is based on a certain collective
  identity and sovereignty.

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COSMOPOLITANISM

• We are also responsible for those who are living
  abroad.
• Human rights and democracy are the core values of
  a cosmopolitan world.
• Tension between universalism and contextualism.

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SOCIAL-ECONOMIC RIGHTS

• Everyone has the right to a standard of living
  adequate for the health and well-being of himself
  and of his family, including food, clothing,
  housing and medical care and necessary social
  services, and the right to security in the event
  of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood,
  old age or other lack of livelihood in
  circumstances beyond his control
• Article 25

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CREATING A LEGITIMATE ORDER OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE

• Everyone is entitled to a social and
  international order in which the rights and
  freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be
  fully realized
• Article 28

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Contextual universalism

• 1. Concrete problems in different contexts are
  the research objects.
• 2. Universal norms are the product of an
  investigation into a modus vivendi of people with
  opposite interests.

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CONTEXTUAL UNIVERSALISM

• 1. Concrete problems in different contexts are
  the research objects.
• 2. Universal norms are the product of an
  investigation into a modus vivendi of people with
  opposite interests.
• 3. A shift should be made from the cosmos to the
  polis.
• 4. In a democratic process one should figure out
  which universal norms should be the guidelines of
  human actions.

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The new cosmopolitan

• a person who incorporates the contextual
  universalism
• advocates the shift from the cosmos to the polis
• advocates the multi-layered democracy based on
  human rights.

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OLD AND NEW COSMOPOLITANS

• Old cosmopolitan gt a person who incorporates the
  classical universalism.
• New cosmopolitan gt a person who incorporates the
  contextual universalism.

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3. TOWARDS A CRITICAL THEORY OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
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CLAIMS OF CRITICAL THEORY OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE

• 1. Cognitive claim to present an adequate
  analysis of the World Society.
• 2. Normative claim to give a fair judgment on
  the World Society.
• 3. Emancipatory claim the adequate analysis and
  the fair judgment should help to overcome
  situations of oppression and marginalization.
• 4. Selfreflexive claim to be self-critical.

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FOUR DEFICITS

• METHODOLOGICAL NATIONALISM.
• CRYPTO-NORMATIVE POLICY RESEARCH
• A GAP BETWEEN THEORY AND PRAXIS
• IRREFLEXIVITY CONCERNING THE POWER-KNOWLEDGE
  NEXUS.