Classroom presentations to accompany Understanding Earth, 3rd edition

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Classroom presentations to accompany
Understanding Earth, 3rd edition

• prepared by
• Peter Copeland and William Dupré
• University of Houston

Chapter 3 Rocks Records of Geologic Processes
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RocksRecords of Geologic Processes
RocksRecords of Geologic Processes
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Three types of rocks

• Igneous
• Sedimentary
• Metamorphic

Igneous rocks make up most of the
earth sedimentary rocks make up most of
the surface.
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Major Rock Groups
IGNEOUS
SEDIMENTARY
METAMORPHIC
Fig. 3.1
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Igneous Rocks

• Rocks formed from the cooling
• and consolidation of magma.

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Fig. 3.2
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Intrusive Granite
Fig. 3.2
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Extrusive Basalt
Fig. 3.2
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Intrusive Granite
Fig. 3.2
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Extrusive Basalt
Fig. 3.2
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(No Transcript)
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Sedimentary Rocks

• Rocks formed by the consolidation of
• fragments of previously existing rock
• or chemically precipitated from
• solution.

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From Weathering to Sedimentary Rock
Fig. 3.3
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Genesis of Sedimentary Rocks

• Physical weathering reduction in size
• Chemical weathering change in composition
• Transportation
• Solid particles ... clastics by water, wind, ice
• Ions in solution ... chemical

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How common are sedimentary rocks?
Fig. 3.4
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Metamorphic rocks

• Rocks whose original form has
• changed in the solid state due to
• increased temperature and/or
• pressure.

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Where does Metamorphism occur?
Regional Metamorphism
Fig. 3.5
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Where does Metamorphism occur?
Regional Metamorphism
Contact Metamorphism
Fig. 3.5
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Where we see rocks

• Outcrops
• Drilling

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Outcrop
Fig. 3.6
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Fig. 3.7
Fred Hirschmann
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Fig. 3.8
Russ Kinne/ Comstock
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Fig. 3.9
Carr Clifton
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TheRockCycle
Fig. 3.10
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Plate tectonics and the rock cycle

• The production and destruction of
• rocks is ultimately related to plate
• tectonics.

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Subduction at convergent plate boundaries causes
partial melting to form magma and resulting
igneous rocks.
Fig. 3.11a
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Magma rises from the mantle at divergent plate
boundaries.
Fig. 3.11b
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Subsidence at rifted plate margin allows for the
deposition, burial, and lithification of
sediments.
Fig. 3.11c
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Plate interiors are dominated by sedimentary
processes, with some volcanism due to mantle
hot spots.
Fig. 3.11d
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Convergence of plates causes deformation, uplift,
and regional metamorphism.
Fig. 3.11e