Bloodborne Pathogens

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Bloodborne Pathogens
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Bloodborne Pathogens

• Bloodborne Pathogens are microorganisms (such as
  viruses) transmitted through blood, or other
  potentially infectious material such as certain
  bodily fluids (semen, breast milk, etc.) or
  tissues.

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Bloodborne Pathogens

• Bodily fluids, especially those visibly
  contaminated with blood, are capable of causing
  disease.
• Pathogens can enter your body through a cut in
  the skin, through your eyes or mouth.
• Can also be transmitted sexually
• Main diseases of concern are Hepatitis B (and C)
  virus, and HIV (AIDS virus).

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

• HIV attacks your bodys ability to protect itself
  against disease
• Initially no visible signs of having the virus
• Most people with HIV develop AIDS (acquired
  immune deficiency syndrome)
• There is no vaccination for HIV

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HIV

• Virus lives outside the body only a few hours
• 4 modes of transfer
• blood
• semen
• vaginal secretions
• breast milk

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HIV

• 10-50 virus particles per ml of blood

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Aids Statistics from CDC
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Aids Statistics from CDC
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Aids Statistics from CDC
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Hepatitis B (and C)

• Up to 100 times easier to catch than HIV
• Unlike HIV, can live outside of body for several
  days

Hepatitis B Virus
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Concentration of Hepatitis B Virus in Various
Body Fluids
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Hepatitis B

• 1,000,000 - 1,000,000,000 virus particles per ml
  of blood
• Virus can live outside the body for several days

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HIV vs. Hepatitis B
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Hepatitis C

• 3-4 million carriers
• Disease can incubate for decades
• By 2010 may affect more Americans each year than
  AIDS
• HCV not related to the viruses that cause HBA and
  HBV

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Hepatitis C
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Hepatitis C

• Risk Factors
• Long-term kidney dialysis
• Sex with multiple partners
• Tattooing or body piercing with shared needles or
  unsterilized equipment
• Intranasal cocaine use with shared straws

Pamela Anderson claims her infection came from a
tattoo needle
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Hepatitis B (and C)

• There is no cure for Hepatitis B or C
• but unlike HIV, there is a vaccination for
  Hepatitis B.
• (There is no vaccination for Hepatitis C)

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HBV and HCV

• Liver is located behind the lower ribs on the
  right side of your abdomen
• Weighs about 3 pounds and is roughly the size of
  a football.
• If infected with HBV, the liver often becomes
  tender and enlarged

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Some signs and symptoms of HBV and HBC include

• Flu-like symptoms
• fatigue
• jaundice
• severe pain in joints
• lung disease
• inflammation of liver
• inflammation on and ulcers of the colon
• may be asymptomatic (i.e. no symptoms indicated)

normal
Yellow from jaundice
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Hepatitis

• Acute 6-8 weeks, 90
• 30-40 with acute HBV have no idea how or when
  they became infected
• 5-15 of infected carry virus for longer than 6
  months (carriers)
• Chronic Life, 10
• Hepatitis B carriers are people infected with HBV
  and never fully recover. They carry the virus
  and can infect others for the rest of their lives
• Approximately one million people in the US carry
  HBV

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Acute Viral Hepatitis by Type
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Risk Factors for Acute Hepatitis B
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Hepatitis B

• The risk of contracting Hepatitis B from a
  single needlestick contaminated with blood from a
  person with known Hepatitis B ranges from 6 to
  30.
• Approximately 10 of those infected become
  chronic carriers who can infect their families
  and friends. They have up to 300 times greater
  than normal risk of developing liver cancer.
• Every year, approximately 5,000 Americans, die
  of HBV or its complications.

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Statistics from Milwaukee Journal/Sentinel

• 1 in 300 infected with HIV
• Milwaukee Journal/Sentinel, July 7, 1996
• one in 20 people has or has had Hepatitis

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How Bloodborne Pathogens Spread on the Job

• By a sharp object that is contaminated by the
  virus when it cuts or punctures your skin.

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How Bloodborne Pathogens Spread on the Job

• When a contaminated object touches inflamed skin,
  acne, skin abrasions

• When you touch a contaminated surface and then
  touch your eyes, nose, mouth, or open wounds or
  inflamed skin

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How to Reduce Your Risk

• Only PPS Employees at moderate risk are included
  in the campus Bloodborne Pathogens Exposure
  Control Plan.
• Employees in the plan can receive HBV
  vaccinations at no cost.
• There are specific training, engineering, and
  work practice controls for those potentially at
  risk of exposure to BBP on the job.

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How to Reduce Your Risk

• UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS/
• STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
• A system of infection control which assumes that
  all human blood and certain body fluids are
  treated as if known to be infectious.

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Use Spill Kit for Clean-up

• Kit Includes
• Face Mask
• Gloves
• Goggles
• Sharps Disposal Container
• Voban
• Fluid Control Solidifier
• Personal Safety Equipment Cleaning Pads

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How to Reduce Your Risk

• Dont Recap Needles

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How to Reduce Your Risk

• Do not bend, shear, break or recap needles
• If you must recap, use one-handed method

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How to Reduce Your Risk

• Needles and other sharps must be discarded in
  rigid, leak-proof, puncture resistance containers

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How to Reduce Your Risk

• When emptying trash containers, do not use your
  hands to compress the trash in the bag.

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How to Reduce Your Risk

• Lift and carry the trash bag away from your body

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How to Reduce Your Risk

• Do not eat, drink, smoke, apply cosmetics or
  handle contact lenses in areas where there is the
  possibility of exposure to BBP, such as in UWM
  labs

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Personal Protective Equipment

• Gloves, masks, eye protection, CPR microshields

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Clean-up Procedures
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Body Fluid Cleanup Procedures

• Get Spill Kit from Janitorial Closet
• Put on gloves.

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Body Fluid Cleanup Procedures

• If splashing is anticipated, wear protective
  eyewear and mask

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Body Fluid Cleanup Procedures

• Remove visible material with absorbent towels

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Body Fluid Cleanup Procedures

• Area should be decontaminated for 10 minutes
• Once the area has been disinfected, dry area with
  absorbent towels and dispose of towels in regular
  trash

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Body Fluid Cleanup Procedures

• Glove removal and disposal technique

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Glove Removal and Disposal

• Grip one glove near the cuff and peel it down
  until it comes off inside out. Cup it in the
  palm of your gloved hand.
• Place two fingers of your bare hand inside the
  cuff of the remaining glove.

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Glove Removal and Disposal

• Peel that glove down so that it also comes off
  inside out and over the first glove.
• Properly dispose of the gloves.

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Body Fluid Cleanup Procedures

• Wash hands well.

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Vaccination

• Very low risk vaccine
• Three doses over 6 months
• Must receive all three doses
• gt79 effective
• Free to employees
• May decline vaccine (but must sign waiver)
• May receive vaccine later

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Accident/Injury Report

• Complete report as soon as possible after
  incident
• Turn in to your supervisor
• Form is submitted to Workers Compensation

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Conclusion
Any Questions?

• Thank You!