Title: eLearning
1eLearning
- History, Technologies, Trends, etc
- Reference (the contents of most of slides are
mainly from the following web
sites)http//c4lpt.co.uk/handbook/elearning20.htm
lhttp//www.learningcircuits.org/2007/0707karrer.
html
2History of eLearning
- Long long time ago
- The PC era
- The Internet era
- Early 90s and late 90s
- Prefixing everything with e- era
- Recently and now
- Future?
3History of eLearning long time ago
- The roots of e-learning go back to the early uses
of technology to support learning, - training films, TV and videotapes.
4History of eLearning PC era
- In the 1980s, with the advent of personal
computers, we saw the introduction of - interactive, multimedia computer-based training
(CBT) delivered on CDs or laser disks.
5History of eLearning Internet era
- But it was in the early 1990s with the birth of
the World Wide Web, that online learning began,
when the Web was first used to deliver learning
globally. - Most of the early online learning activity
occurred in universities where access to the
Internet was more prevalent.
6History of eLearning Internet era
- By the late 1990s companies had begun to see the
value of online learning as a means of delivering
training at low cost. - At this time we also began to a number of early
"tools" not only to create online courses but
also to manage online learning (i.e. learning
management systems) as well as the large-scale
production of off-the-shelf online courses.
7History of eLearning e- era
- At the peak of the dot com boom around 2000,
there was enormous interest in everything "e". - e-commerce, e-business
- the term "e-learning" was also coined at this
time. - Jay Cross, Founder of the Internet Time Group is
attributed with the first use of the term. - E-Learning became big business, and John
Chambers, the CEO of Cisco Systems predicted in
2001 "E-Learning is the next killer app it will
make email look like a rounding error". - coin ??,?? (???)
8History of eLearning - e- era
- The great benefits of e-learning, promoted at
that time, were that - You no longer needed to spend long periods
travelling to a location to attend a course - You could now have access to learning when you
wanted it, wherever you wanted it - It also meant that you could take the learning at
your own pace - there was nobody to tell you when
you had to do it.
9History of eLearning - e- era
- However, despite all the fanfare (????), people
soon began to become disillusioned (????) with
e-learning - it didn't seem to be delivering on its promises,
- in particular, large scale investments in
corporate learning management systems weren't
paying off. - There were a number of reasons for this
- Next slide
10Disillusioned with e-learning
- e-learning was often considered inferior to
traditional classroom-based learning. - For many there needed to be a teacher present to
add value to the whole process - Just working through a lot of course content,
however well designed or developed, wasn't enough.
11Disillusioned with e-learning
- Learners felt they were getting a raw deal.
- They weren't that enthusiastic about sitting at
their computers plowing (??,????) their way
through hours of online course materials - they
soon get fed up. - They wanted to be with other people a teacher,
fellow students. So they tended to drop out of
online courses.
12History of eLearning - recently
- To address the need for socializing within
learning, we saw the emergence of two trends in
the (corporate) use of e-learning - Blended Learning
- Live e-learning
13Blended Learning
- This was originally defined as mixing
face-to-face (f2f) learning with online elements
to create a blend of the two. - The right blend will depend on
- the learning problem being addressed, the
learners' profile, the budget, and so on. - Another term for "blended learning" is "hybrid
learning" and this term is commonly found in
formal education. - The term has now moved on to mean offering
learning using a variety of media, formats and
approaches to learning.
14Live e-learning
- In situations where face-to-face learning was not
possible ,systems and tools began to be used to
allow remote learners to come together online at
the same time with a tutor who led a learning
session. - for instance where students were distributed in
various parts of the country or world - The early tools were known as "virtual
classrooms" or "online conferencing systems". - Live e-learning is also known as synchronous
learning or "real time learning" - to
differentiate it from asynchronous (learning).
15eLearning Today(for formal learning)
- Online courses or blended solutions with a mix of
face-to-face and online elements - Learning management systems that manage students'
learning (also variously known as course
management systems, virtual learning environments
and managed learning environments) - Virtual classrooms, which supports the delivery
of scheduled online sessions
16Formal Learning?So there must be OTHER
learning?
17OTHER learning-related terms
- eLearning 2.0
- later
- informal learning
- mobile learning
- rapid learning
- Performance (??) improvement and support
18Informal Learning
- Formal learning is defined as instruction in the
form of courses, programmes, workshops, seminars,
etc (whether classroom-based on online ? 20 - Informal learning, on the other hand, is
considered to be pretty much everything else.
Anything or anywhere you learn - sometimes almost
unconsciously. ? the other 80 - informational content
- things like conferences, books, websites, etc.
- informal interactions with people
- conversations, discussions, meetings, etc.
19Mobile learning
- "Any activity that allows individuals to be more
productive when consuming, interacting with, or
creating information, mediated through a compact
digital portable device that the individual
carries on a regular basis, has reliable
connectivity, and fits in a pocket or purse." - "Portable devices" could be phones, iPhones,
smartphones / PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants)
as well as iPods (and other MP3 players). - Learning has moved "from the classroom onto the
desktop and now into the pocket"
20Rapid e-Learning
- is one of the current buzzwords in e-learning and
refers to the use of a new breed of authoring
tools to create formal instructional online
training resources - like courses and simulations - quickly
- easily
- cheaply
21Performance improvement and support
- Training is mainly undertaken through formal,
structured learning solutions like courses,
workshops, etc - whether online or in the
classroom. - mainly off-the-job
- Performance improvement and support can be
achieved by embedding informal - or semi-formal -
learning solutions into job and work processes. - mainly on-the-job
22So what actually then is e-learning?
- One thing is for sure, "e-learning" is a very
broad term. - If you take a look at the definition of
e-learning in Wikipedia you will see that it is
very wide ranging - it is certainly NOT just abut online courses any
more.
23Evolution of eLearning
- As Web emerges from 1.0 to 2.0, so is eLearning
- eLearning 1.0
- eLearning 1.3
- eLearning 2.0
241.0 vs 2.0
25E-Learning 1.0
- Was the early days of e-learning when it was all
about delivering content, primarily in the form
of online courses and produced by experts.
26E-Learning 2.0
- Is about creating and sharing information and
knowledge with others. - And using blogs, wikis, social bookmarking and
social networks within an educational or training
context to support a new collaborative approach
to learning.
27More on eLearning 2.0(From wiki ??)
- eLearning 2.0 refers to a second phase of
e-Learning based on Web 2.0 and emerging trends
in eLearning. - It can include such features as e-Learning where
students create content, collaborate with peers
to form a learning network with distribution of
content creation and responsibilities, e-Learning
that takes advantage of many sources of content
aggregated together into learning experiences and
e-Learning that utilizes various tools including
online references, courseware, knowledge
management, collaboration and search.
28More eLearning 2.0(From wiki ??)
- The term suggests that the traditional model of
eLearning as a type of content, produced by
publishers, organized and structured into
courses, and consumed by students, is reversed - Content is used rather than read and is more
likely to be produced by students than courseware
authors. - Structure in eLearning 2.0, is more likely to
resemble a blogging tool rather than a book or a
manual. The term first appeared in 2005 in an
online article eLearning 2.0, by Stephen Downes.
29What about eLearning 1.3?
- more in the next few slides
30Comparing eLearning generations
31eLearning 1.0
- The first generation of learning (really
training) delivered through the web. - It can be characterized by 60 minute online
course experiences. - Most often these were either synchronous courses
delivered using virtual classroom software or
asynchronous courses (courseware) built using an
authoring tool, and course content design
followed a traditional training model that was
development by an instructional designer. - Finally, courses were typically managed through
an LMS.
32eLearning 1.3
- A label used to represent the generation of
e-learning that has emerged in recent years, in
which learning is developed more quickly and
delivered in smaller chunks. - Learning is made available within the context of
work and, thus, needs to be in a form that is
easily retrieved. For that reason, learning is
not always accessed via the LMS, but pushed to
the learner through email or accessed via links
on an organization's intranet. - E-Learning 1.3 content is created typically by
subject matter experts using templates developed
with rapid e-learning tools or learning content
management systems (LCMSs). - In addition, virtual meetings might be dispersed
occasionally as part of the over all learning
experience.
33eLearning 2.0
- E-Learning 2.0 is greater leap in learning than
the move from E-Learning 1.0 to E-Learning 1.3. - E-Learning 2.0 is based on tools that combine
ease of content creation, web delivery, and
integrated collaboration. - Creation of content can occur by anyone as part
of their day-to-day work. - In essence, the expectation of E-Learning 2.0 is
that sharing and learning becomes an organic
action that is directed and driven by the worker.
- Learning is a combination of access to content,
which often derives from the work of peers or
SMEs, as well as access to peers through social
computing models. - In fact, many people cite the social or network
effect as having the greatest opportunity for
impact on learning.
34Is 2.0 replacing 1.0 or 1.3?OR2.0 is better
than 1.0 or 1.3?
- No
- It is important to note that eLearning 1.0,
eLearning 1.3, and eLearning 2.0 represent an
evolution of approaches that use the web to
support learning and improve human performance. - However, in the same way that AM/FM radio, CD,
and iPod adapters exist simultaneously, so will
eLearning 1.0, eLearning 1.3, and eLearning 2.0. - In other words, while the columns in the table
appear to be distinct, learning solutions that
practitioners create in the future will likely
contain and combine aspects of each generation.
35Which? When?
- eLearning 1.0
- eLearning 1.0 solutions are going to continue to
be used for content in which there is a
relatively large audience with common,
identifiable needs who have relatively the same
level of knowledge around the subject matter. - eLearning 1.0 also will be used when there are
compliance issues and high cost-of-errors or when
significant up-front training makes sense.
36Which? When?
- eLearning 1.3
- eLearning 1.3 will be used for quick-hit learning
opportunities or basic information transfer
around new products, procedures, systems, and so
forth.
37Which? When?
- eLearning 2.0
- eLearning 2.0 makes sense when there are widely
different learning needs. - eLearning 2.0 also is a solid option when content
cannot be cost effectively identified up-front
because there is too much information or specific
learning needs are unknown and will be generated
as part of work. - Considering these descriptions, it should be
clear that for most workplace learning
professionals, the vast majority of their
personal learning needs fall into the realm of
what E-Learning 2.0 aims to address.
38Questions in 2.0 Generation
- What is the role of instructional designers in an
E-Learning 2.0 world? - Do instructional designers become aggregators?
- Will courseware development follow a similar
trend as instructor-led training? - Will learning development departments become less
important as control shifts to the worker/learner
in e-learning 2.0?
39Several of these questions have some fairly scary
implications, but lets consider a very broad
perspective
40"Being adaptable in a flat world, knowing how to
learn how to learn will be one of the most
important assets any worker can have, because job
churn will come faster, because innovation will
happen faster.
- Thomas Friedman, The World is Flat
41learning how to learn is really the key !
42Our responsibility, if I may say so, would be
- It's important for us to be at the forefront of
this trend. - We must become proficient in these tools and make
sure we understand how they can be used as part
of formal and informal learning. - We need to lead the charge in helping everyone
"learn how to learn." - We need to learn these new work and learning
skills ourselves and then be in position to help
others.
43How?
- As a starting point, workplace learning
professionals need to get smart on the tools and
begin the skill building process. - In other words, you need to spend time to learn
how to learn. - You need to continuously adopt tools and
practices that helps your personal and group
learning. - Then, you can think through how you might use it
as part of an overall e-learning solution in your
organization.
44Getting Started
- The easiest tool to start with from a personal
learning perspective is a blog - The easiest tool to start with from a group or
organizational perspective is a wiki - In fact, any time you find yourself going to
create a web page, likely a Wiki is an
appropriate, better alternative approach.