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eLearning

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... a second phase of e-Learning based on Web 2.0 and emerging trends in eLearning. ... Do instructional designers become aggregators? ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: eLearning


1
eLearning
  • History, Technologies, Trends, etc
  • Reference (the contents of most of slides are
    mainly from the following web
    sites)http//c4lpt.co.uk/handbook/elearning20.htm
    lhttp//www.learningcircuits.org/2007/0707karrer.
    html

2
History of eLearning
  • Long long time ago
  • The PC era
  • The Internet era
  • Early 90s and late 90s
  • Prefixing everything with e- era
  • Recently and now
  • Future?

3
History of eLearning long time ago
  • The roots of e-learning go back to the early uses
    of technology to support learning,
  • training films, TV and videotapes.

4
History of eLearning PC era
  • In the 1980s, with the advent of personal
    computers, we saw the introduction of
  • interactive, multimedia computer-based training
    (CBT) delivered on CDs or laser disks.

5
History of eLearning Internet era
  • But it was in the early 1990s with the birth of
    the World Wide Web, that online learning began,
    when the Web was first used to deliver learning
    globally.
  • Most of the early online learning activity
    occurred in universities where access to the
    Internet was more prevalent.

6
History of eLearning Internet era
  • By the late 1990s companies had begun to see the
    value of online learning as a means of delivering
    training at low cost.
  • At this time we also began to a number of early
    "tools" not only to create online courses but
    also to manage online learning (i.e. learning
    management systems) as well as the large-scale
    production of off-the-shelf online courses.

7
History of eLearning e- era
  • At the peak of the dot com boom around 2000,
    there was enormous interest in everything "e".
  • e-commerce, e-business
  • the term "e-learning" was also coined at this
    time.
  • Jay Cross, Founder of the Internet Time Group is
    attributed with the first use of the term.
  • E-Learning became big business, and John
    Chambers, the CEO of Cisco Systems predicted in
    2001 "E-Learning is the next killer app it will
    make email look like a rounding error".
  • coin ??,?? (???)

8
History of eLearning - e- era
  • The great benefits of e-learning, promoted at
    that time, were that
  • You no longer needed to spend long periods
    travelling to a location to attend a course
  • You could now have access to learning when you
    wanted it, wherever you wanted it
  • It also meant that you could take the learning at
    your own pace - there was nobody to tell you when
    you had to do it.

9
History of eLearning - e- era
  • However, despite all the fanfare (????), people
    soon began to become disillusioned (????) with
    e-learning
  • it didn't seem to be delivering on its promises,
  • in particular, large scale investments in
    corporate learning management systems weren't
    paying off.
  • There were a number of reasons for this
  • Next slide

10
Disillusioned with e-learning
  • e-learning was often considered inferior to
    traditional classroom-based learning.
  • For many there needed to be a teacher present to
    add value to the whole process
  • Just working through a lot of course content,
    however well designed or developed, wasn't enough.

11
Disillusioned with e-learning
  • Learners felt they were getting a raw deal.
  • They weren't that enthusiastic about sitting at
    their computers plowing (??,????) their way
    through hours of online course materials - they
    soon get fed up.
  • They wanted to be with other people a teacher,
    fellow students. So they tended to drop out of
    online courses.

12
History of eLearning - recently
  • To address the need for socializing within
    learning, we saw the emergence of two trends in
    the (corporate) use of e-learning
  • Blended Learning
  • Live e-learning

13
Blended Learning
  • This was originally defined as mixing
    face-to-face (f2f) learning with online elements
    to create a blend of the two.
  • The right blend will depend on
  • the learning problem being addressed, the
    learners' profile, the budget, and so on.
  • Another term for "blended learning" is "hybrid
    learning" and this term is commonly found in
    formal education.
  • The term has now moved on to mean offering
    learning using a variety of media, formats and
    approaches to learning.

14
Live e-learning
  • In situations where face-to-face learning was not
    possible ,systems and tools began to be used to
    allow remote learners to come together online at
    the same time with a tutor who led a learning
    session.
  • for instance where students were distributed in
    various parts of the country or world
  • The early tools were known as "virtual
    classrooms" or "online conferencing systems".
  • Live e-learning is also known as synchronous
    learning or "real time learning" - to
    differentiate it from asynchronous (learning).

15
eLearning Today(for formal learning)
  • Online courses or blended solutions with a mix of
    face-to-face and online elements
  • Learning management systems that manage students'
    learning (also variously known as course
    management systems, virtual learning environments
    and managed learning environments)
  • Virtual classrooms, which supports the delivery
    of scheduled online sessions

16
Formal Learning?So there must be OTHER
learning?
17
OTHER learning-related terms
  • eLearning 2.0
  • later
  • informal learning
  • mobile learning
  • rapid learning
  • Performance (??) improvement and support

18
Informal Learning
  • Formal learning is defined as instruction in the
    form of courses, programmes, workshops, seminars,
    etc (whether classroom-based on online ? 20
  • Informal learning, on the other hand, is
    considered to be pretty much everything else.
    Anything or anywhere you learn - sometimes almost
    unconsciously. ? the other 80
  • informational content
  • things like conferences, books, websites, etc.
  • informal interactions with people
  • conversations, discussions, meetings, etc.

19
Mobile learning
  • "Any activity that allows individuals to be more
    productive when consuming, interacting with, or
    creating information, mediated through a compact
    digital portable device that the individual
    carries on a regular basis, has reliable
    connectivity, and fits in a pocket or purse."
  • "Portable devices" could be phones, iPhones,
    smartphones / PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants)
    as well as iPods (and other MP3 players).
  • Learning has moved "from the classroom onto the
    desktop and now into the pocket"

20
Rapid e-Learning
  • is one of the current buzzwords in e-learning and
    refers to the use of a new breed of authoring
    tools to create formal instructional online
    training resources - like courses and simulations
  • quickly
  • easily
  • cheaply

21
Performance improvement and support
  • Training is mainly undertaken through formal,
    structured learning solutions like courses,
    workshops, etc - whether online or in the
    classroom.
  • mainly off-the-job
  • Performance improvement and support can be
    achieved by embedding informal - or semi-formal -
    learning solutions into job and work processes.
  • mainly on-the-job

22
So what actually then is e-learning?
  • One thing is for sure, "e-learning" is a very
    broad term.
  • If you take a look at the definition of
    e-learning in Wikipedia you will see that it is
    very wide ranging
  • it is certainly NOT just abut online courses any
    more.

23
Evolution of eLearning
  • As Web emerges from 1.0 to 2.0, so is eLearning
  • eLearning 1.0
  • eLearning 1.3
  • eLearning 2.0

24
1.0 vs 2.0
25
E-Learning 1.0
  • Was the early days of e-learning when it was all
    about delivering content, primarily in the form
    of online courses and produced by experts.

26
E-Learning 2.0
  • Is about creating and sharing information and
    knowledge with others.
  • And using blogs, wikis, social bookmarking and
    social networks within an educational or training
    context to support a new collaborative approach
    to learning.

27
More on eLearning 2.0(From wiki ??)
  • eLearning 2.0 refers to a second phase of
    e-Learning based on Web 2.0 and emerging trends
    in eLearning.
  • It can include such features as e-Learning where
    students create content, collaborate with peers
    to form a learning network with distribution of
    content creation and responsibilities, e-Learning
    that takes advantage of many sources of content
    aggregated together into learning experiences and
    e-Learning that utilizes various tools including
    online references, courseware, knowledge
    management, collaboration and search.

28
More eLearning 2.0(From wiki ??)
  • The term suggests that the traditional model of
    eLearning as a type of content, produced by
    publishers, organized and structured into
    courses, and consumed by students, is reversed
  • Content is used rather than read and is more
    likely to be produced by students than courseware
    authors.
  • Structure in eLearning 2.0, is more likely to
    resemble a blogging tool rather than a book or a
    manual. The term first appeared in 2005 in an
    online article eLearning 2.0, by Stephen Downes.

29
What about eLearning 1.3?
  • more in the next few slides

30
Comparing eLearning generations
31
eLearning 1.0
  • The first generation of learning (really
    training) delivered through the web.
  • It can be characterized by 60 minute online
    course experiences.
  • Most often these were either synchronous courses
    delivered using virtual classroom software or
    asynchronous courses (courseware) built using an
    authoring tool, and course content design
    followed a traditional training model that was
    development by an instructional designer.
  • Finally, courses were typically managed through
    an LMS.

32
eLearning 1.3
  • A label used to represent the generation of
    e-learning that has emerged in recent years, in
    which learning is developed more quickly and
    delivered in smaller chunks.
  • Learning is made available within the context of
    work and, thus, needs to be in a form that is
    easily retrieved. For that reason, learning is
    not always accessed via the LMS, but pushed to
    the learner through email or accessed via links
    on an organization's intranet.
  • E-Learning 1.3 content is created typically by
    subject matter experts using templates developed
    with rapid e-learning tools or learning content
    management systems (LCMSs).
  • In addition, virtual meetings might be dispersed
    occasionally as part of the over all learning
    experience.

33
eLearning 2.0
  • E-Learning 2.0 is greater leap in learning than
    the move from E-Learning 1.0 to E-Learning 1.3.
  • E-Learning 2.0 is based on tools that combine
    ease of content creation, web delivery, and
    integrated collaboration.
  • Creation of content can occur by anyone as part
    of their day-to-day work.
  • In essence, the expectation of E-Learning 2.0 is
    that sharing and learning becomes an organic
    action that is directed and driven by the worker.
  • Learning is a combination of access to content,
    which often derives from the work of peers or
    SMEs, as well as access to peers through social
    computing models.
  • In fact, many people cite the social or network
    effect as having the greatest opportunity for
    impact on learning.

34
Is 2.0 replacing 1.0 or 1.3?OR2.0 is better
than 1.0 or 1.3?
  • No
  • It is important to note that eLearning 1.0,
    eLearning 1.3, and eLearning 2.0 represent an
    evolution of approaches that use the web to
    support learning and improve human performance.
  • However, in the same way that AM/FM radio, CD,
    and iPod adapters exist simultaneously, so will
    eLearning 1.0, eLearning 1.3, and eLearning 2.0.
  • In other words, while the columns in the table
    appear to be distinct, learning solutions that
    practitioners create in the future will likely
    contain and combine aspects of each generation.

35
Which? When?
  • eLearning 1.0
  • eLearning 1.0 solutions are going to continue to
    be used for content in which there is a
    relatively large audience with common,
    identifiable needs who have relatively the same
    level of knowledge around the subject matter.
  • eLearning 1.0 also will be used when there are
    compliance issues and high cost-of-errors or when
    significant up-front training makes sense.

36
Which? When?
  • eLearning 1.3
  • eLearning 1.3 will be used for quick-hit learning
    opportunities or basic information transfer
    around new products, procedures, systems, and so
    forth.

37
Which? When?
  • eLearning 2.0
  • eLearning 2.0 makes sense when there are widely
    different learning needs.
  • eLearning 2.0 also is a solid option when content
    cannot be cost effectively identified up-front
    because there is too much information or specific
    learning needs are unknown and will be generated
    as part of work.
  • Considering these descriptions, it should be
    clear that for most workplace learning
    professionals, the vast majority of their
    personal learning needs fall into the realm of
    what E-Learning 2.0 aims to address.

38
Questions in 2.0 Generation
  • What is the role of instructional designers in an
    E-Learning 2.0 world?
  • Do instructional designers become aggregators?
  • Will courseware development follow a similar
    trend as instructor-led training?
  • Will learning development departments become less
    important as control shifts to the worker/learner
    in e-learning 2.0?

39
Several of these questions have some fairly scary
implications, but lets consider a very broad
perspective
40
"Being adaptable in a flat world, knowing how to
learn how to learn will be one of the most
important assets any worker can have, because job
churn will come faster, because innovation will
happen faster.
  • Thomas Friedman, The World is Flat

41
learning how to learn is really the key !
42
Our responsibility, if I may say so, would be
  • It's important for us to be at the forefront of
    this trend.
  • We must become proficient in these tools and make
    sure we understand how they can be used as part
    of formal and informal learning.
  • We need to lead the charge in helping everyone
    "learn how to learn."
  • We need to learn these new work and learning
    skills ourselves and then be in position to help
    others.

43
How?
  • As a starting point, workplace learning
    professionals need to get smart on the tools and
    begin the skill building process.
  • In other words, you need to spend time to learn
    how to learn.
  • You need to continuously adopt tools and
    practices that helps your personal and group
    learning.
  • Then, you can think through how you might use it
    as part of an overall e-learning solution in your
    organization.

44
Getting Started
  • The easiest tool to start with from a personal
    learning perspective is a blog
  • The easiest tool to start with from a group or
    organizational perspective is a wiki
  • In fact, any time you find yourself going to
    create a web page, likely a Wiki is an
    appropriate, better alternative approach.
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