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Chinese Role in the Regional Space Security Cooperation and APSCO

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Title: Chinese Role in the Regional Space Security Cooperation and APSCO


1
Chinese Role in the Regional Space Security
Cooperation and APSCO
  • Yang Mingjie, CICIRApril 2007 Tokyo

2
History of Chinese Space International Cooperation
  • Before 1977, China was isolated from the world in
    the field of space cooperation
  • From 1977, China entered the international space
    community by sending delegations to France, the
    United States and Japan
  • From 1985, China began to give services to the
    international space industries by putting the
    Long March( Changzheng) rockets series into the
    world space service market
  • From 1992, China began to discuss the formation
    of the Asia Pacific Multilateral Space
    Cooperation Organization with regional countries
    such as Pakistan and Thailand etc.
  • From 1993, China becomes much more positive in
    the international multilateral space cooperation
    such as the International Space Assembly

3
Driving Factors for China to enter the
International Space Cooperation
  • Space Strategy Peaceful Using of the Outer Space
    and Regarding the space policy as an important
    part of the overall national development strategy
  • Technical Requirement Hi-tech, Hi-risk and
    Hi-cost
  • Self Confidence and international responsibility

4
Guiding Principles
  • The Chinese government holds that
    international space cooperation should follow the
    fundamental principles listed in the
    "Deceleration on International Cooperation on
    Exploring and Utilizing Outer Space for the
    Benefits and Interests of All Countries,
    Especially in Consideration of Developing
    Countries' Demands," which was approved by the
    51st General Assembly of the United Nations in
    1996. China adheres to the following principles
    while carrying out international space
    cooperation

5
Guiding Principles
  • - The aim of international space cooperation is
    to peacefully develop and use space resources for
    the benefit of all mankind.- International
    space cooperation should be carried out on the
    basis of equality and mutual benefit, mutual
    complementarity and common development, and the
    generally accepted principles of international
    law.- The priority aim of international space
    cooperation is to simultaneously increase the
    capability of space development of all countries,
    particularly the developing countries, and enable
    all countries to enjoy the benefits of space
    technology.- Necessary measures should be
    adopted to protect the space environment and
    space resources in the course of international
    space cooperation.- The function of the United
    Nations Office of Outer Space Affairs (OOSA)
    should be consolidated and the outer space
    application programs of the United Nations should
    be backed up.

6
Fundamental Policies
  • Independence -- Adhering to the principle of
    independence and taking the initiative in our own
    hands, carrying out active and practical
    international cooperation in consideration of the
    overall, rational utilization of domestic and
    international markets and resources to meet the
    needs of the national modernization drive.
  • United Nationalism-- Supporting activities
    regarding the peaceful use of outer space within
    the framework of the United Nations. Supporting
    all inter- governmental activities for promoting
    the development of space technology, space
    application and space science as well as those
    conducted between non-governmental space
    organizations.
  • Regionalism-- Attaching importance to space
    cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region, and
    supporting other regional space cooperation
    around the world.
  • Multilateralism-- Reinforcing space cooperation
    with developing countries, and valuing space
    cooperation with developed countries.
  • Multi-mechanism--Encouraging and endorsing the
    efforts of domestic scientific research
    institutes, industrial enterprises, institutions
    of higher learning, as well as social
    organizations to develop international space
    exchanges and cooperation in different forms and
    at different levels under the guidance of
    relevant state policies, laws and regulations.

7
Developments of International Cooperation in the
Previous Five Years
  • Over the past five years, China has developed
    bilateral space cooperation with a host of
    countries. It has successively signed 16
    international space cooperation agreements and
    memorandums with13 countries, space agencies and
    international organizations, and propelled
    multilateral cooperation in space technology and
    its application in the Asia-Pacific region and
    the process of establishing a space cooperation
    institution for the region. China has joined
    relevant activities sponsored by the United
    Nations and other relevant international
    organizations, and supported international space
    commercial activities.

8
Developments of International Cooperation in the
Previous Five Years
  • Bilateral cooperation Over the past five years,
    China has signed cooperation agreements on the
    peaceful use of outer space and space project
    cooperation agreements with Argentina, Brazil,
    Canada, France, Malaysia, Pakistan, Russia,
    Ukraine, the ESA and the European Commission, and
    has established space cooperation subcommittee or
    joint commission mechanisms with Brazil, France,
    Russia and Ukraine. It has signed space
    cooperation memorandums with space organizations
    of India and Britain, and has conducted exchanges
    with space-related bodies of Algeria, Chile,
    Germany, Italy, Japan, Peru and the United
    States. For example
  • To collaborate with Brazil on the Earth
    resources satellite program
  • Under the mechanism of the Sino-French
    Joint Commission on Space Cooperation, the
    exchanges and cooperation between the two
    countries have made important progress in space
    science, Earth science, life science, satellite
    application, and satellite TTC
  • Within the framework of the Space
    Cooperation Sub-Committee of the Committee for
    the Regular Sino-Russian Premiers' Meeting, a
    long-term cooperation plan has been determined.
    In addition, exchanges and cooperation in the
    sphere of manned spaceflight have been carried
    out, including astronaut training.

9
Developments of International Cooperation in the
Previous Five Years
  • Multilateral Regional Cooperation
  • In October 2005, the representatives of China,
    Bangladesh, Indonesia, Iran, Mongolia, Pakistan,
    Peru and Thailand signed the Asia-Pacific Space
    Cooperation Organization (APSCO) Convention in
    Beijing, and in June 2006 Turkey signed the
    Convention as well. APSCO will be headquartered
    in Beijing. This marks a significant step toward
    the official establishment of APSCO.
  • China continues to promote the Asia-Pacific
    Region Multilateral Cooperation in Small
    Multi-Mission Satellites Project. Together with
    Bangladesh, Iran, the Republic of Korea,
    Mongolia, Pakistan and Thailand, China has
    started the joint research, manufacture and
    application of small multi-mission satellites, to
    be launched in 2007.

10
Developments of International Cooperation in the
Previous Five Years
  • Multilateral International Cooperation
  • China takes a positive part in activities
    organized by the United Nations Committee on the
    Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UN COPUOS) and its
    Scientific and Technical Subcommittee and Legal
    Subcommittee. China has acceded to the "Treaty on
    Principles Governing the Activities of States in
    the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including
    the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies," "Agreement
    on the Rescue and Return of Astronauts, and on
    the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space,"
    "Convention on International Liability for Damage
    Caused by Space Objects," and "Convention on the
    Registration of Objects Launched into Outer
    Space," and strictly fulfils its responsibilities
    and obligations.
  • China has actively participated in activities
    organized by the Inter-Agency Space Debris
    Coordination Committee, started the Space Debris
    Action Plan, and strengthened international
    exchanges and cooperation in the field of space
    debris research.

11
The Future of APSCO
  • Limitations and Challenges Some regional space
    powers are still outside of the mechanism and
    mutual CBMs in the space is so limited
  • Opportunities The positive intentions from the
    United States as well as Japan
  • Space cooperation and trust between these two
    nations are gradually being reestablished. Before
    the launch of Shenzhou VI, the United States
    volunteered information to the Chinese space
    program on space debris and U.S. spacecraft
    activities. China responded with details about
    Shenzhou VI. In 2006, the mutual visits by the
    leaders of the space authorities of the two
    countries expressed their wills to enhance the
    space cooperation.
  • In March 2007, the Director General
    Director of the LDP of Japan made a lecture in
    China Central Party School to give the
    possibility for the Sino-Japanese space
    cooperation

12
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