How a KAward Has Advanced

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How a K-Award Has Advanced a Research Career a
Search for Unity in Diversity Christopher Keane
Assistant Professor Behavioral Community
Health Sciences University of Pittsburgh crkcity_at_p
itt.edu AHRQ Conference 2008
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• Disciplinary Expertise Prior to K-Award
• Experimental design and survey design
• Statistical analysis, regression etc.
• Sociology of public health
• Organizational theory relating to contracting
• Biology (had never used in my health studies)

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• New Disciplinary Approaches Mid-K-Award
• Experimental economics game theory
• Modeling of complex adaptive systems
• Philosophy of sociality
• Additional organizational theory practice
• Neuroeconomics social neurology
• Psychology of behavior change
• Challenge How to Integrate These Diverse
  Approaches?

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• New Disciplinary Approaches to Study of Trust
  Cooperation (One Unifying Theme)
• Experimental games of trust cooperation
• Social neurology of trust cooperation
• Modeling trust cooperation in systems
• Philosophy of trust cooperation
• Organizational theories of trust cooperation
• Psychology of behavior change trust

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• New Disciplinary Approaches to Study of Trust
  Cooperation in Health
• New Partners
• Trust cooperation games in food choices
• Two new partners from experimental economic
• Social neurology of trust cooperation
• No partners, yet.
• Modeling trust cooperation in health systems
• Two new partners, computational modelers
• Philosophy of trust cooperation
• A philosopher computational modeler of trust
• Organizational theories of trust cooperation
• Several new partners from other departments
• Psychology of behavior change trust
• Several new partners

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• New Disciplinary Approaches to Study of Trust
  Cooperation in Health
• New Grants (2008 onwards)
• Trust cooperation games in food choices
• Funded study of my experimental game with
  vouchers
• Social neurology of trust cooperation
• Incorporated theory into above, could study
  directly
• Modeling trust cooperation in health systems
• Recently funded study of public health systems
• Philosophy of trust cooperation
• Incorporated into above studies, especially the
  game
• Organizational theories of trust cooperation
• Incorporated into study of public health systems
• Psychology of behavior change trust
• Incorporated into above and HIV study (likely
  funded)

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• New Disciplinary Approaches to Study of Trust
  Cooperation in Health
• Trust cooperation games in food choices
• Funded study of my experimental game with
  vouchers
• Approaches
• Conduct several experimental games followed by
  interviewing
• Modeling behavior using conditional rules
• Computational simulation of the behavior and
  social networking

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• New Disciplinary Approaches to Study of Trust
  Cooperation in Health
• Trust cooperation games in food choices
• Funded study of my experimental game with
  vouchers
• Commitment, Cooperation Dilemma in Health
  Choices
• Modeling Inter-temporal and Interpersonal
  Coordination

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• Commitment, Cooperation Dilemma in Health
  Choices
• Trust cooperation games in food choices
• Funded study of my experimental game with vouchers

What food types do people pick when sharing with
others, as opposed to when choosing only for
themselves?
How do unhealthy or healthy food choice behaviors
spread through social networks?
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Trust Game At start of game, two players are
each given a 10 voucher by the experimenter.
All gifts are doubled, 20 in vouchers

• Choose whether or not to give your voucher
• Give b) Keep
• Choose the type of food voucher
• Pizza
• b) McDonalds
• c) Café One
• d) Café Two

We present the restaurant name, location, menu,
for each restaurant. The Cafés offer healthier
options, but we don't label them healthy or
unhealthy. All are on campus.
Investigators will rate the restaurants with
the NEMS-R (Saelens et al 2007)
Please dont quote without permission of author,
Christopher Keane
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Trust Game At start of game, two players are
each given a 10 voucher by the experimenter.
All gifts are doubled, 20 in vouchers
Proposer makes 1st move
Responder makes 2nd move
P R both keep (Reciprocal selfishness)
P keeps the 10 voucher
R keeps the 10 voucher
P gives R keeps, (P trusts, but R is selfish)
P keeps the 10 voucher
R keeps the 10 voucher
P gives the 10 voucher
R gives the 10 voucher
P gives R gives back, (Reciprocal giving)
P keeps, but R gives, (not likely)
P keeps the 10 voucher
R gives the 10 voucher
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All subjects choose type of 10 restaurant
voucher (choose 1 of 4 restaurants)
Please dont quote without permission of author,
Christopher Keane
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Trust Game At start of game, two players are
each given a 10 voucher by the experimenter.
All gifts are doubled, 20 in vouchers
Proposer makes 1st move
Responder makes 2nd move
P keeps or gives the 10 voucher
R keeps or gives the 10 voucher
Please dont quote without permission of author,
Christopher Keane
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Trust Game with Restaurant Vouchers, Between
Proposer Responder One Pattern I Hypothesize
is Common
Intending
Implementing
Search
Search
Search
P Gives (Pizza)
P Keeps (Café 1)
R Gives (Pizza)
R Keeps (Café 1)
Rs View
for Balance
for Balance
for Balance
Mirroring
Analogous Balancing
Analogous Balancing
Search for
Search for
Search
Search
Search
Rs View of Ps View
R Gives (Pizza)
R Keeps (Café 1)
P Gives (Pizza)
P Keeps (Café 1)
for Balance
for Balance
for Balance
Mirror Intention
Mirror Implementation
Christopher Keane, 2008, Please dont quote
without permission of author.
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Intending Implementing as Mirrored Balancing
Intending
Implementing
Search
Search
Search
Simulate Condition
Perceive Condition
Simulate Action
Try Action
Focal Domain
for Balance
for Balance
for Balance
Mirroring
Analogous Balancing
Analogous Balancing
Search for
Search for
Search
Search
Search
Simulate Condition
Simulate Condition
Simulate Action
Simulate Action
Mirror Domain
for Balance
for Balance
for Balance
Mirror Intention
Mirror Implementation
Christopher Keane, 2008, Please dont quote
without permission of author.
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Significance
Food is often a social choice that partly
depends on what we project others want. Social
eating may affect college students long-term
eating habits health. Inter-temporal and
inter-personal cooperation and trust may operate
similarly. A clear computational model may
elucidate this more general inter-agent trust
cooperation. What we eat is a function of
social ecology, including the food environment
what restaurants are available locally, what
social networks surround our eating. A similar
framework for modeling trust cooperation may
apply similarly between health organizations.
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Modeling Public (P) Private (R) Provider
Decisions A Trust Game? (Give Provide
Care to Uninsured)
Intending
Implementing
Search
Search
Search
Rs View
P Keeps
R Keeps
P Gives
R Gives
for Balance
for Balance
for Balance
Mirroring
Analogous Balancing
Analogous Balancing
Search for
Search for
Search
Search
Search
Rs View of Ps View
P Keeps
P Gives
R Gives
R Keeps
for Balance
for Balance
for Balance
Mirror Intention
Mirror Implementation
Keane 2008, Using data from Keane 2005.
Please dont quote without permission of author.
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• New Disciplinary Approaches to Study of Trust
  Cooperation in Health
• Modeling trust cooperation in health systems
• Recently funded study of public health systems
• Organizational theories of trust cooperation
• Incorporated into study of public health systems

Adaptive Systems Indicators for Public Health
System Emergency Response
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Adaptive Systems Indicators for Public Health
System Emergency Response

• Designed to capture the adaptive system processes
  of public health emergency response.
• Assumes public health systems are dynamic
  networks of human actors who consider
• Inter-organizational trust in their networks,
• the relative complexity of emergency response
  rules,
• the Diversity or partners, degree of
  centralization,
• Tension between top-down bottom-up decisions.

These factors predict system performance (Choi
Brower 2006, Comfort 1999, 2005, Epstein 2006,
Keane 2005, 2008 Axelrod Cohen 2000)
Christopher Keane, 2008, Please dont quote
without permission of author.
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Adaptive Systems Indicators for Public Health
System Emergency Response

• Measures the properties of networks of public
  health decision makers that we hypothesize result
  in effective emergency response
• inter-organizational trust
• degree of centralization-decentralization
• connectivity
• diversity and participation in decision-making
• necessary redundancy in networks
• relatively simple decision rules

These factors predict system performance (Choi
Brower 2006, Comfort 1999, 2005, Epstein 2006,
Keane 2005, 2008, Axelrod Cohen 2000)
Christopher Keane, 2008, Please dont quote
without permission of author.
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Adaptive Systems Indicators (ASIs) for Public
Health System Emergency Response

• inter-organizational trust
• degree of centralization-decentralization
• connectivity
• diversity and participation in decision-making
• necessary redundancy in networks
• relatively simple decision rules
• Initial plan is to measure the ASIs in (a) 12 to
  20 public health system networks, including local
  health departments and their private partners,
  and (b) approx. 300 local health departments.
• The ASIs would supplement existing emergency
  response guidelines.

The ASI is my contributions to a R01.
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Hypothetical Public Health System Legal Network
Public Health
Schools
Transit
EMS
Mental Health
Level 1
Level 2
We designated 3 levels of mandated relationship,
Level 3
with 3 as the most directive
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State Statutory Relationship Worksheet (network
matrix)
. . . etc.
Rows indicate the organization that state law
requires to Initiate contact with other
organization (Column).
Level 1
Level 2
The network framework is my contribution to R01
grant
Level 3
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Integrating New Approaches to Study of Public
Health Systems Health Behavior

• Modeling trust in adaptive network
• Organizational theories of trust decisions

• Integrated Study of
• Adaptive Systems Indicators,
• Public Health System Legal Network for
• Computational Modeling of PH Response System
• to improve Public Health System Emergency Response

• Trust cooperation games in food choices

• Current study of trust and social food choice
• Experimental trust game with restaurant
  vouchers
• Computational modeling of trust projection in
  networks

• Experimental trust games with policy makers?

• Im working on this one

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• Dilemma How to flexibly expand expertise via
  pre-planned mentors?
• Experimental economics game theory
• Neuroeconomics social neurology
• Computational modeling of adaptive systems
• Philosophy of sociality
• New organizational theory practice,
• Psychology of trust and behavior change etc.
• One Strategy Use Coordinating mentor

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• Planning Growth Inter-Disciplinarity in my
  K-Award
• Unlike a traditional grant, career award allows
  training, to develop expertise in new areas
• therefore requires more flexibility for research
  agenda, to acquire and apply new ideas
• Perhaps use Coordinating mentor
• Flexible approach resulted in publication in
  very different of prestigious journals,
  representing sociology, anthropology, health
  policy, public health practice, medical practice,
  health management (publications in over a dozen
  different journals), and a diversity of grants.
• diversity of research with unified theory