What Green Means to the Refrigeration Service Engineers Society A Call to Sustainable Action

1
What Green Means to the Refrigeration Service
Engineers Society(A Call to Sustainable Action)

• Terry E. Townsend, P.E., FASHRAE
• ASHRAE Presidential Member
• September 18, 2008

2
Why is a Call to Action Needed?

• Members of the Refrigeration Service Engineers
  Society are a primary reason that an ideal green
  building with optimal conditions for both its
  inhabitants and the environment can exist.
  However, the biggest impact that RSES may have on
  this planet is in delaying
• Tipping Points for
• Worlds Energy Crises
• Worlds Environmental Crises

3
Worlds Energy

• Bal. 1 trillion barrels peak production met
  2007 annual consumption 29 billion barrels
  
• Natural gas peak in U.S. (1973) and declining at
  5 percent year
  
• Coal plentiful fossil fuel resource but heavily
  subsidized by governments GWP is exceptionally
  high
  

4
Worlds Environment (UN-IPCC Three Working
Groups Reports)

• WG-1 trends past to present
• Pre-industrial revolution
• Current level 385 PPM CO2 2 PPM/year average
  increase
  
• Average global temperature increase
• 0.6C (1901-2000)
• 0.2C (2000-2006)

5
WG-2 Measurements/Observations

• 25 of coral reefs damaged/irreparable
• Gulf Stream at 75 of full flow
• Ocean temperature increase (2 miles depth)
• Ocean pH decrease/year 0.1 units
• Greenland glaciers melt 1 cubic mile/year
• Amazon rain forest reduction 25

6
WG-3 Projections and Impacts (21st Century)

• Global temperature increase 1.4C (aggressive
  CO2 reductions) to 5.8C (business-as-usual) over
  20th Centurys temperature increase
  
• Greenland melts 23 sea level increase
• Antarctica melts 230 sea level increase
• Amazon reduction of 30 Savannah and
  re-generation initiated
  

7
Latest Data on Climate Change

• Kiel Institute for World Economy
• The world is already at or above the IPCC worst
  case scenarios in terms of CO2 emissions.
  
• National Academy of Science
• In 2006 over 8.4 gigatons of CO2 were put into
  the atmosphere from fossil fuels which equaled
  the IPCC worst case prediction.
  
• International Energy Agency
• If current emissions policies are not changed,
  the world could warm 6C by 2030
  

8
CO2 Targets for a Sustainable Future

• IPCCs goal (1992) for CO2 stabilization 1.3 Kg
  CO2/person/day
  
• CO2 baseline measurements (2000)
• World emissions 8.9 Kg CO2/person/day
• U.S. emissions 58.7 Kg CO2/person/day

9
Comparing International Emissions Data
10
CO2 Targets for a Sustainable Future

• Required CO2 emissions reduction to meet IPCCs
  goal 85
  
• Target U.S. emissions 8.8 Kg CO2/person/day
• This would limit global warming to 2C by 2050
  (EUs target)
  
•  Increased global temperature ? Increased Carbon
  Cycle Feedbacks
  

11
2C (EUs Target)

• 4 billion people water shortages heat waves
  greater than 2003
  
• ....Carbon Cycle Feedbacks.
• Greenland irreversible melting ?millions of tons
  of CO2 release
  
• West Siberian peat melt 70 billion tons of
  methane release (73 years of manmade CO2)
  

12
2C (EUs Target)

• .Carbon Cycle Feedbacks.
• Arctic Circle permafrost warming and begins
  release of methane
  
• 1/3 of plant and animal species become extinct
• 70 chance of 3C increase
• 30 chance of 4C increase

13

• We are on the precipice of climate system
  tipping points beyond which there is no
  redemption.
  
• James Hansen, Director, NASA Goddard Institute
  for Space Studies
  
• In the past, if we got things wrong and wrecked
  our environment, we could pack up and move
  somewhere else. Migration has always been one of
  our species great survival strategies. Now we
  have nowhere else to go. No new frontier. We have
  only one atmosphere only one planet.
• Fred Pearce, With Speed and Violence

14
Why Should We Care?

• Buildings consume
• 40 of all energy used and 70 of electrical
  energy use
  
• 17 of all fresh water
• 25 of wood produced

15
Why Should We Care?

• Buildings produce 33 of CO2 emissions
• Buildings generate 30 of all landfill waste
• Architects, engineers and RSES members can
  effectively reduce the effects of mankind on the
  environment and climate change, and our
  dependency on fossil fuels

16
Green Buildings Take Away Thoughts

• Green Buildings are an Integrated Approach of
  the Design, Construction and OM Professionals
  with the Owner/Owners Representatives.
  
• Any new facility that is not green will be
  functionally obsolete the day it opens for
  business and economically disadvantaged for its
  entire lifetime.

17
RSES Influence on Green Buildings

• RSES Members can transform the energy
  consumption and pollution production of our
  buildings by constructing and renovating them to
  green building standards.
• Who is Willing to be An Agent for Change?

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• Green Building Market
• Sectors
• K-12 Education Facilities
• Higher Education Facilities
• Commercial Offices
• Retail Facilities
• Government Projects
• Healthcare Facilities
• High-rise, Low-rise Residential
• Existing Buildings
• Single Family Housing

19
RSES Areas to Reduce CO2 Emissions

• Economizers Heat Reclaim Units
• Proper Operation 29 Energy Savings or
  240,000 Tons CO2/yr
  
• California Energy Commission 63 of
  Economizers Malfunction in Operation
  
• Proper Heat Reclaim Operation 18 Energy
  Savings 149,000 Tons CO2/yr
  
• HVAC System Performance Loss Factors
• Improper Refrigerant Charges (ASHRAE)
• 62 of Residential Units
• 60 of Commercial Units
• Rec. Charging Methods not used 74

20
RSES Areas to Reduce CO2 Emissions

• HVAC System Performance Loss Factors
• Improper Refrigerant Charges
• 40 of Residential Units Low Charge EER
  Reduction of 12 - 20. Correction Could Reduce
  18 million Tons CO2/yr
  
• EPA ?75 of ALL Installed Equip. Operate at
  20 Reduced Efficiency
  
• Duct Leakage
• Avg. 17 of Total Air Flows
• Avg. 30 Reduced Unit Capacities
• Avg. 12 Increased Operating Costs

21
RSES Areas to Reduce CO2 Emissions

• HVAC System Performance Loss Factors
• Incorrect Thermostat Calibration
• 5 - 15 Cost Incr./year
• Dirty Coils Filters Reduce Capacity
• Dirty Evaporator Coils 5 7
• Dirty Condenser Coils 20
• Combined 30 More Energy Cost
• Air Cleaner 10 - 25 Energy Cost Savings

22
RSES Areas to Reduce CO2 Emissions

• On the Average, After 3 Years of Operation,
  Buildings Operate 30 Less Efficient Than When
  They Opened for Business.
  
• Challenge Is RSES Willing to Work With ASHRAE
  NEBB in Developing A Refrigeration Commissioning
  Procedure?

23

• Six Ideas for Consideration in the Green
  Marketplace
  
• (1) Differentiate Your Companys Offerings
• Differentiation is the practice of finding a
  difference that makes a difference, to someone
  who matters, and then communicating it to them
  persuasively
• Need Good Communication Skills
• Need High Level of Performance

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• Six Ideas for Consideration in the Green
  Marketplace
  
• (2) Become the Low-Cost Provider
• Architects and Engineers will work more closely
  with contractors who have wrung the costs out
  of the systems.
  
• Every Green Building should not be a custom
  installation.

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• Six Ideas for Consideration in the Green
  Marketplace
  
• (3) Become Number 1 in Something
• Become 1 in some market segment via installation
  experience with sustainable measures/applications.
  
  
• Find a market segment that is growing and
  amenable to high performance buildings and
  focus there.

26

• Six Ideas for Consideration in the Green
  Marketplace
  
• (4) Name It and Claim It
• Find a signature green measure or approach that
  you can be the first to name it.
  
• A form of differentiation with competition.
• Possibly attract clients who need assistance in
  making decisions.
  

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• Six Ideas for Consideration in the Green
  Marketplace
  
• (4) Name It and Claim It
• Areas for consideration
• Commissioning/Retro-commissioning
• Thermal Energy Storage Systems
• Natural/Mixed Ventilation Systems
• Displacement Ventilation Systems
• Radiant Heating and Cooling Applications
• Ground Source Heat Pumps

28

• Six Ideas for Consideration in the Green
  Marketplace
  
• (5) Find Out How Your Clients Make Money
• Objective Help Clients Make More Money
• Create Concepts/Applications/Installations that
  Assist Clients Efforts.
  
• Become A Specialist for Similar Types of
  Clients
  

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• Six Ideas for Consideration in the Green
  Marketplace
  
• (6) Become A Brand in Your Market
• A Brand is Always A Safe Selection in a World
  of Confusing Choices.
  
• As a Brand, The Client Experience is Critical.
• Always Have Cost-Effective Solutions for Green
  Systems Technologies.
  

30
Reference Points Today

• CBECS-2003 EUI 91 kBTU/SF/yr
• 90.1-2004 EUI 51 kBTU/SF/yr
• 90.1-2010 target EUI 36 kBTU/SF/yr
• 189.1-2010 target EUI 25 kBTU/SF/yr

31
Standard 189.1P and Advanced Energy Design Guides
(AEDGs)

• Prescriptive guidance for achieving 30, 50, and
  70 energy savings over the Code requirements of
  ASHRAE Standard 90.1

32

• AEDG Energy Goals and Strategies
• (ASHRAE, AIA, IESNA, USGBC DOE)
• Reduce loads on energy-using systems
• Size HVAC system equipment for reduced loads
• Use the most efficient systems HVAC, O/A,
  fans, controls and proper air distribution
  
• Refine integration of building systems

33

• Typical AEDG 189.1P
• HVAC Equipment and Systems Recommendations
• Higher efficiency HVAC equipment air
  conditioners, furnaces and heat pumps
  
• Motorized O/A damper control
• Economizers application varies with climate
  zone
  
• Demand-controlled ventilation (CO2 sensors)

34

• Typical AEDG 189.1P
• HVAC Equipment and Systems Recommendations
• Lower duct friction rate (0.08 WC/100 ft)
• Reduce interior ductwork leakage
• Duct insulation R-6
• Ductwork sealing Class B

35
Net-Zero-Energy Buildings

• Conceptually, a building that has no adverse
  energy or environmental impact because of its
  operation.
  
• Net-Zero Site Energy
• Measured at buildings meter
• Encourages energy-efficient building designs and
  operations

36
ASHRAEs Building Code Energy Use Index Targets

• ASHRAE 90.1/189
• 2010 36 kbtuh/ft2/yr
• 2013 30
• 2016 25
• 2019 20
• 2022 15
• 2025 10
• 2028 5
• 2030 Net 0

• Architecture 2030
• 2010 36 kbtuh/ft2/yr
• 2015 27
• 2020 18
• 2025 9
• 2030 Net 0

37
NZEB and NREL

• Assessment of the Technical Potential for
  Achieving Net-Zero-Energy Buildings in Commercial
  Sector
  
• December 2007
• With current technologies and design practices,
  62 of all U.S. commercial buildings could be
  Net-Nero-Energy.
  

38
Building Energy Labeling

• Provide motivation for reducing energy use in
  commercial buildings by expressing the energy
  performance of buildings in a tangible way
  

39
Example Building Label in Europe
40
Global Energy Conservation Initiatives

• Wal-Mart, Retail Energy Alliance (Costco, Target,
  Big Box retailers and grocery chains) and ASHRAE
  Collaboration
  
• Clinton Climate Initiative and Energy Efficiency
  Retrofit Program
  
• C40 cities
• U.S. Conference of Mayors
• ACUPCC

41
Society Conferences

• 2009 Winter Conference, Chicago IL
• Jan. 24 28
• AHR Expo, Jan. 26 - 28
• 2009 Annual Conference, Louisville, KY
• June 20 - 24

42
2009 Winter Conference Courses

• Testing, Adjusting Balancing Advanced
  Procedures
  
• Chilled Beam Technology
• Low Temp. Radiant Htg High Temp. Radiant
  Cooling Systems
  
• Understanding Standard 189.1P
• Installation of Residential Ventilation Systems
  (Standard 62.2)
  

43
New CDs/DVDs

• Duct-Fitting Database, Version 4.00.03
• Duct-Fitting Database, Version 5.00.00
• Sequences of Operation for Common HVAC Systems
  CD
  

44
New Education Courses

• Exceeding Standard 90.1-2007
• Energy Management in Existing Buildings
• Mechanical Insulation

45
Your Role, Your Duty and Your Responsibility

• Your influence begins with you.....your
  family.your community.your country and.your
  world
  
• We dont inherit the earth from our parents we
  are merely borrowing it from our children.
  

46
Your Role, Your Duty and Your Responsibility

• Chief Seattles The purpose of life?
• What will you do today, tomorrow or next week
  that will make a difference? (Floyd Lee the
  Pegasus Chow Hall, Baghdad)