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The Holocaust

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Many of Hitler's views on eugenics came from the United States ... 1933: Hitler begins anti-Jewish propaganda ... Final Solution: Hitler's decision to ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Holocaust


1
The Holocaust Burnt Alive
  • The attempted extermination of an entire race of
    people

2
  • Over the next few days, our class discussions
    will contain photographs of those who suffered
    through the Holocaust. Some of the images are
    difficult to look at however, it is important to
    recognize the atrocities the Nazis committed so
    we, as human beings, can prevent such violence
    from occurring again.
  • When you come to a slide that contains the
    following sign then the image(s) that
    follow may be disturbing. If you are made
    uncomfortable by disturbing images, please use
    your best judgment and look away.

3
Hitlers Anti-Semitism
  • Once I really am in power, my first and foremost
    task will be the annihilation of the Jews. As
    soon as I have the power to do so, I will have
    gallows built in rowsat the Marienplatz in
    Munich, for exampleas many as traffic allows.
    Then the Jews will be hanged indiscriminately,
    and they will remain hanging until they stink
    they will hang there as long as the principles of
    hygiene permit. As soon as they have been untied,
    the next batch will be strung up, and so on down
    the line, until the last Jew in Munich has been
    exterminated. Other cities will follow suit,
    precisely in this fashion, until all Germany has
    been completely cleansed of Jews

4
Aryan Race
  • Aryan Race Germans with blonde hair and blue
    eyes were believed to be the master race
  • Eugenics Hierarchy of race (racism)
  • Forced sterilization of those who were inferior
  • Many of Hitlers views on eugenics came from the
    United States
  • For example, Woodrow Wilson supported eugenics

5
Eugenics in the United States
6
Anti-Semitism
Began when a 17-year-old Polish Jew killed a
German diplomat living in Paris. Kristallnacht
was the Germans response to the murder.
  • 1933 Hitler begins anti-Jewish propaganda
  • Gestapo Nazi secret police could arrest,
    torture, and kill anyone they wanted to
  • Kristallnacht On November 9, 1938, a thousand
    synagogues were burned and tens of thousands of
    Jewish shops were ransacked. The following
    morning 30,000 Jewish men were shipped to
    Concentration Camps

The Eternal Jew
7
The Night of Broken Glass
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The Ghetto
  • The Ghetto Walled up section of town where
    Jewish people were forced to live.

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Starvation
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Public Executions
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The Jews were led from their homes
22
They were forced to march
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They were told to line up
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And they were executed
25
Portrait of two-year-old Mania Halef, a Jewish
child who was among the 33,771 persons shot by
the SS during the mass executions at Babi Yar,
September, 1941.
26
Marching to the Trains
27
Being Transported to Death Camps
28
Concentration Camps
  • Concentration Camps Originally used to house
    political criminals, these became the home of
    millions of Jews, Jewish sympathizers, gypsies,
    Soviets, criminals, and homosexuals
  • The SS Hitlers personal bodyguards who
    controlled the Concentration Camps

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Work is Liberty
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Stripped of their Possessions
Piles of shoes
Glasses
Gold wedding rings
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Poisoning of the Prisoners
Burning the bodies
Zyklon B
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The lucky ones
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Roll Call
43
Life in a Death Camp
More than 50 of the prisoners at Auschwitz died
from starvation
  • "Everyone worked so hard, got beaten upand came
    back to the camp -- the exhaustion alone pushed
    him to the bunk to lie down and sleep throughout
    the night and get enough strength so that he
    might be able to do that again tomorrow. In the
    morning, sixty percent of the six people in the
    bunk did not wake up. The other forty percent
    went over the pockets of the dead people to find
    a piece of breadThe hygienic condition was very,
    very poor in that period. I remember that I
    searched a dead body in the bunk and I found a
    piece of bread. That piece of bread was crawling
    with lice and you shook them off the bread and
    put it in your mouth and ate it. We all were
    crawling with lice. Taking a shower was not an
    option. To get out in the morning, to walk toward
    the barrack where there is water, running water
    you didn't want to walk through mud. If you
    walked through the mud you probably lost a shoe
    and then you had to go barefoot.

44
Selection
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The Final Solution
  • The Final Solution Hitlers decision to
    completely annihilate all Jews
  • Dr. Josef Mengele a.k.a The Angel of Death
  • Ruthless killer
  • Conducted gruesome research (mostly on children)
  • Fascination with twins

47
Dr. Josef Mengele
  • "Dr. Mengele had always been more interested in
    Tibi. I am not sure why - perhaps because he was
    the older twin. Mengele made several operations
    on Tibi. One surgery on his spine left my brother
    paralyzed. He could not walk anymore. Then they
    took out his sexual organs. After the fourth
    operation, I did not see Tibi anymore. I cannot
    tell you how I felt. It is impossible to put into
    words how I felt. They had taken away my father,
    my mother, my two older brothers - and now, my
    twin .."

48
Dr. Josef Mengele
  • I remember one set of twins in particular Guido
    and Ina, aged about four. One day, Mengele took
    them away. When they returned, they were in a
    terrible state they had been sewn together, back
    to back, like Siamese twins. Their wounds were
    infected and oozing pus. They screamed day and
    night. Then their parentsI remember the mother's
    name was Stellamanaged to get some morphine and
    they killed the children in order to end their
    suffering

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Typhus
  • If one was lucky enough to survive selection and
    starvation, then they would likely suffer from
    the rapid spread of sickness
  • Typhus spread through lice and results in an
    abnormally high fever
  • Without medicine, most sufferers died

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  • 16 of the 44 children taken from a French
    childrens home.
  • They were sent to a concentration camp and later
    to Auschwitz.
  • Of the 44 children, only 1 survived.

55
Until September 14, 1939 my life was typical of
a young Jewish boy in that part of the world in
that period of time. I lived in a Jewish
community surrounded by gentiles. Aside from my
immediate family, I had many relatives and knew
all the town people, both Jews and gentiles.
Almost two weeks after the outbreak of the war
and shortly after my Bar Mitzvah, my world
exploded. In the course of the next five and a
half years I lost my entire family and almost
everyone I ever knew. Death, violence and
brutality became a daily occurrence in my life
while I was still a young teenager. Leonard
Lerer, 1991
56
Liberating the Camps
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It was a graveyard
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Freedom?
  • Here over an acre of ground lay dead and dying
    people. You could not see which was which ... The
    living lay with their heads against the corpses
    and around them moved the awful, ghostly
    procession of emaciated, aimless people, with
    nothing to do and with no hope of life, unable to
    move out of your way, unable to look at the
    terrible sights around them ... Babies had been
    born here, tiny wizened things that could not
    live ... A mother, driven mad, screamed at a
    British sentry to give her milk for her child,
    and thrust the tiny mite into his arms ... He
    opened the bundle and found the baby had been
    dead for days. This day at Belsen was the most
    horrible of my life

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Taking care of the SS
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Taking care of the SS
62
Aftermath
  • Death Marches Prisoners of the camps were forced
    to march dozens of miles without rest, food, or
    water
  • Genocide The attempted extermination of an
    entire race of people

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Death Toll
More than 18 million people died in the camps
  • Final death toll
  • 6 million Jewish people
  • 5 million Slavic civilians
  • 3 million Soviet prisoners of war
  • 2 million Polish Christians
  • 1 million political enemies
  • 500,000 Romanians
  • 200,000 people with disabilities
  • 20,000 homosexuals
  • 2,000 Jehovahs Witnesses
  • By 1945, nearly 72 of all Jewish people living
    in Europe prior to World War II were dead
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