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Race, Ethnicity, and Family

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African American Families: The impact of economics ... The rise of Middle-Class African American families ... Second only to African Americans for children ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Race, Ethnicity, and Family


1
Race, Ethnicity, and Family
2
African American Families The impact of economics
  • Society-wide shift in economic restructuring
    Jobs eliminated in central city areas and
    manufacturing areas
  • Lower and working class black families suffered
    more from economic restructuring than other
    groups
  • This group generally has lower levels of
    education and therefore fewer job opportunities

3
African Americans The impact of economics (cont.)
  • Black men
  • High high-school dropout rates
  • Violence and drugs taking a toll
  • high rate of imprisonment
  • high homicide rates
  • high imprisonment rates
  • many in mental hospitals due to drug addiction or
    alcoholism

4
African Americans Decline of marriage
  • More likely than whites to weigh economic
    considerations in marriage
  • Shortage of employed Black men
  • For every three unmarried women there is one man
    with earnings above the poverty line
  • Considered less marriageable
  • Black women less likely to marry and remarry than
    white women
  • Link between childbearing and marriage weakened

5
Percentage of family households that were headed
by a married couple
6
African Americans The Impact of Culture
  • Black families are much more likely to have a
    grandparent or other kin living with them
  • Grandparents play a stronger role in black
    families
  • Female centered kinship ties and network
  • Network of kin ties more important than marital
    ties
  • Female-centered networks ease the hardship of
    persistent poverty

7
Percentage of family households that contain
relatives other than parents and their children
8
The rise of Middle-Class African American families
  • Black middle-class families expanded greatly
    since 1960s
  • Some have managed to escape poverty
  • Educational statistics show great improvement
  • Black churches a great source of social support
  • Middle-class blacks live in neighborhoods with
    less crime and poverty

9
Hispanic Families
  • As much variation within the group as between
    Hispanics and other
  • Mexicans of American origins 67
  • Central and South Americans 14
  • Puerto Rican Americans 9
  • Cuban Americans 4

10
Mexican American Families
  • Highest immigration rate among Hispanic groups -
    more likely to be immigrants than born in the U.S

  • Kinship ties very strong
  • Higher birthrate than any other racial-ethnic
    group
  • Likely to live in multigenerational families

11
Puerto Ricans
  • Until recently the most economically
    disadvantaged of major Hispanic groups
  • Second only to Mexican-American households for
    economic disadvantages
  • Second only to African Americans for children
    born to unwed mothers
  • Lowest average levels of education
  • Highest unemployment levels and lowest labor
    force participation of Hispanic groups
  • High rates of informal marriage

12
Cuban Americans
  • First wave immigrating for political asylum
  • Many live in immigrant enclave
  • Large, dense, single-ethnic group, almost
    self-sufficient community
  • Most early immigrants settled in Miami
  • Most prosperous of Hispanic group
  • Entrepreneurs high rate of business owners
  • More likely to be headed by married couple than
    any other Hispanic family

13
Total fertility rate for racial-ethnic groups in
2003
14
Percentage of women giving birth who were not
married, for racial-ethnic groups
15
Asian American Families
  • Emphasize interdependence among kin more than
    Western cultures
  • Asian immigrant parents are more likely to live
    in households where adult children provide
    income
  • Greater emphasis on childrens loyalty and
    service to parents
  • Can cause bi-cultural conflict

16
Asian American advantages
  • Social capital Resources that a person can
    access through his or her relationship with other
    people
  • Links to an immigrant community are assets
  • Helps families start and succeed in business
  • Highest percentage of households headed by
    married couples of any racial-ethnic group

17
Diversity among Asian American groups
  • Vietnamese who immigrated after Vietnam War are
    less likely to prosper (fewer skills, less
    assistance, poor economy on arrival)
  • Previous patterns may not survive through
    subsequent generations
  • More egalitarian relationships
  • Rate of intermarriage are higher among Asian
    groups

18
Native American families
  • Kinship networks important for identity and
    resources
  • Approximately 43 percent live on or near tribal
    lands
  • Remain economically disadvantaged compared to
    other racial-ethnic groups
  • Substantial number of families headed by women
  • 36 headed by unmarried women
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