DNA, Chromosomes and Genes

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DNA, Chromosomes and Genes
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• Phosphate, sugar and nitrogen base make up
  nucleotide
• Nucleotides match up with complementary bases
• Twists to make Double helix
• DNA coils around histone proteins
• Coils up into a Chromosome

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Humans have 23 Pairs of Chromosomes
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Genes

• A Gene is a section of DNA that codes for a
  protein.
• Humans have approximately 27,000 genes
• Genes have non-coding sections called introns
  which are cut out after it is copied to RNA

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DNA

• DNA is like the instructions for all of the cells
  functions.
• DNA gets Transcribed to RNA which gets Translated
  into Proteins.
• Proteins make enzymes a structural components of
  an organisms, different combinations of these
  proteins make them unique.
• Variations in a persons DNA is one of the things
  that make them unique. Only Identical twins have
  exactly the same DNA

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RNA

• Ribonucleic Acid
• Similar to DNA but uses Ribose instead of
  Deoxyribose
• Uses 4 Nitrogen bases
• Uses Uracil instead of Thyamine
• Single stranded

• RNA Nucleotide

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RNA and DNA
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Transcription Translation

• Transcription is when a section of DNA is copied
  to RNA
• Translation is when RNA copied from DNA goes to
  the Ribosome and serves as the instructions for
  making proteins.

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Images From

• http//www.bioethics.org.nz/about-bioethics/glossa
  ry/index.html
• http//www.ogm-info.com/chromosome.gif
• http//www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/chromosom
  e.html
• http//images1.clinicaltools.com//images/gene/rna2
  .jpg
• http//www-scf.usc.edu/chem203/resources/DNA/UMP.
  gif