Human Computer Interaction HCI and Video Game Systems

1
Human Computer Interaction (HCI) and Video Game
Systems

• Chris Nelson, Eric Whalen, Ben Hansen

2
Why HCI and Video Games?

• Since Developers and Analysts are always creating
  products for end-users, it is important to know
  what the human factors should be considered for
  the final product.
• Video games serve as a glance into the possible
  future of interface design.

3
Overview

• Productivity Paradox
• What Is HCI?
• Past input/output HCI in video games
• Present and Future HCI in video games
• Summary

4
Productivity Paradox

• Economists have found a disappointing lack of
  correlation between the amount of money invested
  in information technology and changes in industry
  productivity measures.
• Gary M. Olson (School of Information, University
  of Michigan)
  
• Productivity is the fundamental economic measure
  of a technologys contribution.
  
• Erik Brynjolfsson, MIT
• Has resulted in CEOs and line managers to
  question their huge investments in computers and
  related technologies.
  
• Erik Brynjolfsson, MIT

5
Paradox?

• The Economist

6
Productivity Paradox (Continued)

• Labor Productivity is calculated as the level of
  output divided by a given level of labor input
  
• Erik Brynjolfsson, MIT
• Multifactor Productivity is calculated as the
  level of output for a given level of several
  inputs, typically labor, capital and materials
  
• Erik Brynjolfsson, MIT
• Typically Multifactor is a better indicator of
  productivity since it adjusts for shifts among
  inputs
  
• Erik Brynjolfsson, MIT

7
Four Explanations For Paradox

• Mismeasurement of outputs and inputs
• Quality of work life goes up ? wage will go down
• Lags due to learning and adjustment
• Benefits can take several years to show up
• Redistribution and dissipation of profits
• Benefits individual firms, but not industry as
  whole
  
• Mismanagement of information and technology
• Building inefficient systems
• Erik Brynjolfsson, MIT

8
Human Computing Interaction (HCI)

• The study of interaction between people and
  computers
  
• Wikipedia
• Relates Information Technology with many other
  fields of study and research
  
• Wikipedia
• Interaction between users and computers occurs at
  the user interface which includes both software
  and hardware
  
• Wikipedia
• The major focus of HCI is the design and creation
  of computer systems
  
• Gary M. Olson (School of Information, University
  of Michigan)
  
• Goal of HCI is to produce hardware and software
  that is useful, usable, and aesthetically
  pleasing
  
• Gary M. Olson (School of Information, University
  of Michigan)

9
Interdisciplinary Aspects of HCI

• Aesthetics
• Artificial intelligence
• Cognitive science
• Computer vision
• Design
• Ergonomics
• Library and information science
• Philosophy
• Psychology
• Social psychology
• Sociology
• Speech-language pathology
• Wikipedia

10
Science of Human Interaction

• Perceptual-Cognitive-Motor process
• Moment-by-moment
• Gary M. Olson (School of Information, University
  of Michigan)
  
• Distributed cognition
• Technical interaction of teammates
• Gary M. Olson (School of Information, University
  of Michigan)
  

11
Cognitive Modeling

• Cognitive, Perceptual, and Motor Components in
  the moment-by moment interaction a person
  encounters when working at a computer
  
• Gary M. Olson (School of Information, University
  of Michigan)
  
• Contrasts a lot of traditional psychological
  research since, multiple components of behavior
  interact
  
• Gary M. Olson (School of Information, University
  of Michigan)
  

12
Cognitive Modeling (Continued)

• Time it takes to do a task the sum of a number
  of Cognitive Engineering Time Parameters
  including mental and physical acts
  
• Gary M. Olson (School of Information, University
  of Michigan)
  
• Typical errors include
• Loss of items from short-term memory
• A motor slip
• Gary M. Olson (School of Information, University
  of Michigan)
  

13
Cognitive Modeling (EPIC)

• EPIC (Executive Process Interactive Control)

Gary M. Olson (School of Information, University
of Michigan)
14
Distributed Cognition

• Addresses the more social and contextual aspects
  of work that the cognitive modeling line does
  not.
  
• Gary M. Olson (School of Information, University
  of Michigan)
  
• Stems from anthropological and sociological
  studies of real-world work situations.
  
• Gary M. Olson (School of Information, University
  of Michigan)
  
• Recognizes how peoples actions are intimately
  intertwined with the artifacts of their work
  their team member roles, responsibilities, and
  actions and even their cultural and historical
  setting
• Gary M. Olson (School of Information, University
  of Michigan)
  

15
Why Use HCI In Video Games?

• As a matter of necessity, game designers must
  create cognitive models and rule sets to guide
  artificial intelligences and bound interactive
  behavior. This makes games a perfect test-bed
  for HCI explorations.
• Keeker, The Untapped World of Video Games

16
Summary

• Productivity Paradox
• HCI increasing usability of systems, in turn will
  increase productivity
  
• Video game developments are the cutting edge in
  interface design

17
Ergonomics in HCI

• Human anthropometry
• Arrangement of displays and menu controls
• Human cognitive and sensory limits
• Sensory and perceptual effects of CRT and other
  display technologies
  
• Controls

http//sigchi.org/cdg/cdg2.htmlH3
18
Anthropometry

• measurement of humans
• in physical anthropology, refers to the
  measurement of living human individuals for the
  purposes of understanding human physical variation

http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropometry
19
Design

• Display / Environment
• Menu
• Audio
• Video
• Controls
• Keyboards, Mice
• Controllers, Joysticks

20
Menu and Interface

• Menu Based
• Auto-Loading, Non-Linear
• MLB 2005
• Menu Based
• TouristTrophy
• Auto-Loading, Non-Linear
• Still Menu Driven
• GTA Vice City
• Auto-Loading, Non-Linear

21
Output Devices

• Audio
• Mono
• All output on one channel
• Stereo
• Dual channel output
• 5.1 / 7.1
• Multiple channels of output

22
Output Devices (cont.)

• Video
• CRT (cathode ray tube)
• Plasma / LCD

http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode_ray_tube
23
Input Devices

• Mechanics of Particular Devices
• Performance Characteristics
• (human and system)
• Handwriting and Gestures
• Stylus, EyeToy
• Speech Input
• SOCOM, etc.
• Eye Tracking
• Military Developed

http//sigchi.org/cdg/cdg2.htmlH3
24
Characteristics of Input Devices

• Weight
• Portability
• Speed / Performance
• IR
• Wireless

http//sigchi.org/cdg/cdg2.htmlH3
25
The Beginnings

• Corded
• Box
• Simple
• D-pad Control

http//wii.advancedmn.com/article.php?artid6355
26
Form Follows Function

• Additional Buttons
• D-pad with 8 way control
• Rounded, better shaped control
• Lighter

http//wii.advancedmn.com/article.php?artid6355
27
Ergonomics are Considered

• First leap to form fitting design
• Feedback through the controller
• More input possibilities
• Analog joystick(s)
• Some of the first wireless

http//wii.advancedmn.com/article.php?artid6355
28
In Good Hands

• More development into design
• Smaller, but heavier
• Available in wireless
• D-pad plus at least one analog joystick
• Analog buttons

http//wii.advancedmn.com/article.php?artid6355
29
Next Generation

• Same Evolution
• Wireless
• 360, PS3 with standard USB
• Also have wireless packages
• Revolution all wireless
• Different Directions

http//wii.advancedmn.com/article.php?artid6355
30
Present Gaming Sony Playstation2
http//www.angelfire.com/extreme/paulsplace/PS2.ht
ml
31
Present Gaming Microsoft Xbox
http//www.angelfire.com/extreme/paulsplace/x-box.
html
32
Present Gaming Nintendo GameCube
http//www.angelfire.com/extreme/paulsplace/gamecu
be.html
33
The Five Senses Sight

• Cameras
• PS2 EyeToy

EyeToy Example
2630
http//video.google.com/videoplay?docid-349674462
1458453804qps2eyetoypltrue
34
The Five Senses Touch

• Guns
• Game Ex.? Duck Hunt
• Racing Wheels
• Game Ex.? Gran Turismo, NASCAR Thunder
• Pads
• Game Ex.? Dance Dance Revolution
• Guitar
• Game Ex.? Guitar Hero

35
The Five Senses Hearing

• Headsets
• Microphones

Lets Take a Quiz!!!
http//www.pbs.org/kcts/videogamerevolution/arcade
/name/index_flash.html
36
The Five Senses Smell Taste

• Sony Corp. has been granted a patent for beaming
  sensory information directly into the brain.
  
• The technique could one day be used to create
  videogames in which you can smell, taste, and
  touch, or to help people who are blind or deaf.
  
• A technique for aiming ultrasonic pulses at
  specific areas of the brain to induce "sensory
  experiences"

http//www.usatoday.com/tech/news/techinnovations/
2005-04-06-sony-patent_x.htm
37
Future Gaming (Nov. 2006) Sony Playstation 3
Playstation 2

• Processor IBM Cell 3.2 GHz
• Media Type Blu-ray
• Memory/Storage 256 MB
• RAM Installed
• Sound Dolby 5.1 Digital
• Surround Sound
• Input/Output 6 x USB
• 3 x Ethernet
• Wi-Fi IEEE
• 802.11 b/g Bluetooth
  Capable

http//ps3.ign.com/articles/614/614682p1.html
http//reviews.cnet.com/Sony_PlayStation_3/4507-64
64_7-31355103.html?tagtxt
38
Future Gaming Microsoft Xbox 360 (Available!)

• Processor IBM PowerPC 3.2 GHz
• Media Type DVD-ROM
• Memory / Storage 512 MB RAM Installed
• Video Output ATI Xbox 360 GPU
• 256-bit 2D/3D graphics
  acceleration
  
• Fill Rate 500 million triangles/sec
• Sound 16-bit Surround Sound
• Input/Output 3 x USB ports,
• 1 x Ethernet port

Original Xbox
http//reviews.cnet.com/Microsoft_Xbox_360/4507-64
64_7-31355096.html
39
Future Gaming Nintendo Revolution or Wii

• Processor CPU IBM Broadway
• GPU ATI
  Hollywood
  
• Memory Unknown amount of RAM
• 512 Mb of Built-In Flash
• Memory
• Input/Output 2 x USB
• Wireless Accessible
• A lot Unknown as of now???

Gamecube
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Revolution
40
Where we could go from here???

• Virtual Mall?
• Making your own pizza?
• The possibilities are endless!!!

41
Conclusion

• Productivity Paradox
• What Is HCI?
• Past input/output HCI in video games
• Present HCI in video games
• The Five Senses in Video Games
• Future HCI in video games
• Whats Next???

42

• Questions???