ENDEMIC AND NEW AND EMERGING DISEASE SURVEILLANCE IN THE VLA THE WAY FORWARD - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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ENDEMIC AND NEW AND EMERGING DISEASE SURVEILLANCE IN THE VLA THE WAY FORWARD

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Title: ENDEMIC AND NEW AND EMERGING DISEASE SURVEILLANCE IN THE VLA THE WAY FORWARD


1
ENDEMIC AND NEW AND EMERGING DISEASE SURVEILLANCE
IN THE VLATHE WAY FORWARD
2
WHAT IS SURVEILLANCE?
  • the ongoing systematic collection and collation
    of useful information about disease, infection,
    intoxication or welfare in a defined animal
    population closely integrated with the timely
    analysis and interpretation of this information
    and dissemination of relevant outputs to
    stakeholders including those responsible for
    control and preventive measures.

3
WHAT DOES IT NEED TO DO?
  • Detect at an early stage a new disease, infection
    or intoxication.
  • Rapidly detect pathogens or diseases which are
    currently absent from the UK.
  • To detect trends in existing diseases.

4
TYPES OF SURVEILLANCE
  • SCANNING SURVEILLANCE
  • where animal populations are monitored for the
    appearance of novel diseases or changing trends
    in existing diseases. It includes the process
    previously referred to as passive surveillance.
    The surveillance carried out by the VLA regional
    laboratories comes into this category.

5
TYPES OF SURVEILLANCE
  • TARGETED SURVEILLANCE
  • which collects specific information about a
    defined disease or condition so that its level in
    a defined population can be measured. This is
    usually carried out by targeted structured
    surveys.

6
Why Does VLA Carry it Out?
  • To detect new and emerging diseases.
  • To assist defra HPA FSA in establishing the risks
    to public health posed by livestock disease
  • To assist in the detection of notifiable disease
  • To provide data for use in EU and third country
    negotiations and facilitate international trade
  • To detect welfare problems resulting from new
    disease trends or changing agricultural practice.
  • To assist the livestock industry in the control
    of non-notifiable disease

7
Why Does VLA Carry it Out?
  • So that the chief veterinary officer can sleep
    soundly in her bed safe in the knowledge that
    someone is keeping their finger on the pulse of
    endemic disease and if anything happens she will
    be the first to know.

8
PYRAMID OF SCRUTINY
  • VLA Regional Laboratory
  • Private veterinary Surgeon
  • Livestock Producer

9
Veterinary Laboratories Agency
A Network of sixteen Regional Laboratories and
two surveillance centres
Penrith
Thirsk
Preston
Sutton
Leahurst
Bonington
Bury St.Edmunds
Shrewsbury
Aberystwyth
Luddington
Carmarthen
RVC
Weybridge
Langford
Winchester
Starcross
Truro
An Executive Agency of defra
10
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11
Coverage of farm holdings
This map looks more closely at the Shrewsbury /
Sutton Bonington / Luddington 50km zones,
together with dots representing cattle
holdings Red Holding that do deal with VLA
12
NURTURING THE VLA /PRIVATE VET RELATIONSHIP
  • Continuing to assisting the private veterinary
    surgeon in the process of making accurate
    diagnoses in farm livestock.
  • Being a focus of communication for veterinary
    surgeons in large animal practice providing
    consultancy, advice and support.

13
NURTURING THE VLA /PRIVATE VET RELATIONSHIP
  • Providing a disease investigation service to deal
    with unusual disease incidents involving both
    post-mortem examinations and epidemiological
    investigations on farms.
  • Using the farmfile disease database to supply
    private veterinary surgeons with high quality
    information in support of their herd health plans
    and local disease control initiatives.

14
Feedback to Veterinary Practices
  • Monthly newsletters to all practices
  • Annual reports on all diseases diagnosed
  • Direct involvement in local clinical clubs and
    BVA meetings
  • Telephone information service

15
Endemic Diseases and Welfare Programme
Diagnosis for the vet
Notifiable disease
Novel disease
necropsy
Adverse reaction
Animal welfare issue
Zoonosis
Chemical threat to the food chain
16
Data Collection
  • Data on each submission is supplied on a form
    specifically designed to meet VLA surveillance
    requirements.

17
The submission form collects data on
  • Farm address
  • CPHH number
  • Veterinary Practice
  • Principal clinical sign
  • Duration of clinical signs
  • Reason for submission
  • Type of sample
  • Species
  • Breed
  • sex
  • age
  • Production type
  • Housing
  • Number affected
  • Number dead

18
Recording a diagnosis
  • Diagnoses are made by the veterinarian
    responsible for the case
  • They are assigned numbered diagnoses under the
    VIDA (Veterinary Investigation Diagnosis
    Analysis) system.
  • Each numbered diagnosis has a specified case
    definition

19
VIDA
No
Condition
Diagnostic criteria
Notes
139
Leptospirosis Milk Drop
Clinical history plus either
Unvaccinated animals only see VISION 162 or
SACVSD LIMS
(a
) high antibody titres to
L.hardjo bovis
in single
samples (MAT gt 1/400) or
(b) significant rise in titre in
paired sera.
139a
Leptospirosis NOS
Clinical history plus
demonstration of high titres
excludes foetopathy
in single samples or a
significant rise in titre in
paired samples to Leptospira
serovars
See codes 165 and 162 for S typhimurium and
S.dublin
160
Salmonellosis due to
Clinical history and /or gross pathology plus
culture positive

Salmonella NOS
162
Salmonellosis due to
Clinical history and/or pathology plus culture
positive
Salmonella dublin
excludes abortion
20
Diagnosis not reached
  • 961 Systemic disease
  • 962 Digestive disease
  • 963 Respiratory disease
  • 964 Urinary disease
  • 965 Musculoskeletal
  • 966 Nervous disease
  • 967 Skin disease
  • 968 Circulatory disease
  • 969 Reproductive disease
  • 970 Other disease
  • 999 Unknown

21
Storing the data
  • The data collected on each case is entered into a
    central database called Farmfile

22
The Farm Visits Database
  • Records descriptive epidemiological data on every
    investigative visit carried out in the VLA
  • Provides an abstract of the essential findings of
    each investigation

23
Compiling the Information for defra and other
stakeholders
  • Each month all regional laboratories compile a
    report on livestock diseases
  • The information feeding the monthly report
    comprises
  • Farmfile outputs
  • Case reports
  • Farm visit reports
  • Communications from veterinary practices

24
Compiling the Information for defra and other
stakeholders
  • The Regional Laboratory monthly reports are
    analysed, combined and a monthly disease
    surveillance report produced which summarises the
    overall disease position for England and Wales
  • This report is published in the Veterinary Record

25
http//www.defra.gov.uk/corporate/vla/science/sci
ence-end.htm
26
Monthly Surveillance Report
  • VLA MONTHLY DISEASE SURVEILLANCE REPORT
  • OCTOBER 2003
  • Highlights
  • Traumatic reticuloperitonitis outbreak caused by
    tyre wire
  • Further outbreaks of botulism in cattle
    associated with the use of poultry litter
  • Pasteurella trehalosi septicaemia causing losses
    in ewes and lambs
  • Copper poisoning related to over-use of copper
    oxide capsules
  • Ryegrass staggers diagnosed in sheep flocks
  • Blackhead causing losses in turkeys

27
Fig.2 VIDA Incidents of mastitis August 2004
28
Carmarthen and Aberystwyth also diagnosed several
cases of parasitic gastroenteritis, all in young
cattle in their first grazing season. VLA VIDA
data suggests that there has been an increased
incidence of PGE in the second quarter of the
year compared to previous years.   Fig.1 VIDA
Incidents of PGE (as a percentage of diagnosable
submissions) April-June 1999-2004
29
All laboratories diagnosed Johnes disease during
the month although there were significantly fewer
incidents (70) compared to the previous
month(119). There were 47 incidents diagnosed in
dairy herds with 17 identified in beef suckler
units. In the first six months of 2003 Johne's
diseases has been the commonest identified cause
of diarrhoea in adult cattle.
30
Monthly Surveillance Report
31
The Quarterly Disease Surveillance Report
  • Each quarter a detailed report is compiled for
  • Cattle
  • Small Ruminants
  • Pigs
  • Avian
  • Exotic farmed species
  • Wildlife

32
Welfare Quarterly Reports
  • Informs the defra Veterinary Directorate Animal
    Welfare Division about animal welfare issues
    arising from endemic disease surveillance
    activities

33
The Quarterly Disease Surveillance Report
  • Provides an overview of the livestock industry
  • Specific reports on prioritised endemic diseases
  • Reports on new diseases or new trends in endemic
    diseases
  • Reports on trends in undiagnosed disease

34
Trends in endemic disease
35
VIDA Diagnoses July-Sept 1999-2004
36
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37
Disease Trends
38
Disease Trends
39
Disease Trends
40
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41
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42
Bulk milk serology
43
The VLA Species Groups
Laboratory Testing Div.
Microbiology advisory Group
Virology Advisory Group
SPECIES GROUPS
Chemistry Advisory Group
Research Workgroups
Research Workgroups
RLs
Regional Labs
44
Evaluation of new diseases
PVS
PVS
VLA Regional Lab
PVS
REGIONAL LAB
Species Group
VLA Specialist vets/scientists BVA Specialist
Div.vets SAC Vets Surveillance Div. vets
Universities
Other Institutes
HPA
SVS
Vet Schools
45
Process of risk assessment by Human-Animal
Infections and Risk Surveillance Group
More detailed preliminary assessment following
compilation of further information and data by
HAIRS group
Identification by HPA, VLA, Defra etc of
incidents with potential for interspecies/
zoonotic spread
Discussion and assessment
Human-animal infections and risk surveillance
(HAIRS) Group
Negligible risk
Negligible risk
Potential risk
Minuted but no further action
Include in monthly output
Expert Group qualitative risk assessment
Monitor (HAIRS)
using UK Surveillance profiles when available
Negligible risk
Potential risk
Information and assessment communicated to DH,
HPA, FSA, UKZG, ACDP, CMO, CVO etc
Statement
46
Ruth Lysons Head of Veterinary Surveillance
Division AHWDG, Defra
Partnership, Priorities and Professionalism A
strategy for enhancing veterinary surveillance
in the United Kingdom
47
Our shared vision is of a future where the risk
of significant damage to human health, animal
health and the rural economy is mitigated by the
provision of faster and better informed disease
control measures. A future where we are
identifying emerging risks faster because our
surveillance activity is fully justified, open,
transparent, effectively prioritised, and founded
on surveillance data of known quality
48
Veterinary Surveillance Strategy
  • An improved and comprehensive network of
    surveillance partners
  • A new system of profiling diseases as the
    foundation to ensure surveillance activity is
    prioritised effectively, based on objective,
    defensible analysis of risk and impact
  • An innovative IT system (Rapid Analysis and
    Detection of Animal related Risk)
  • Better value from surveillance data by delivering
    improvements in data sharing and quality

49
Building the Surveillance Information Pyramid
The Strategy will allow earlier detection of
threats by
  • harmonising and
  • quality tagging
  • data collection
  • prioritising
  • streamlining data
  • analysis
  • improving
  • dissemination

Ruth Lysons
50
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51
FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
  • Develop a robust system where relevant expertise
    can be brought to bear on a new syndrome rapidly
    and effectively using a risk based approach
  • Develop a well worked out transparent system to
    allow rapid set-up of projects with appropriate
    funding
  • Develop and retain well trained, motivated,
    scientifically curious veterinary investigators

52
FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
  • Strengthen collaborations with other institutes
  • Make maximum use of RADAR to improve the quality
    of data available to VLA consultants
  • Nurture and strengthen our relationship with
    large animal vets and specialist BVA Divisions
  • Further develop the VLA wildlife disease
    surveillance network
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