The Global Context

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The Global Context

• We are a nation at war
• This is a prolonged period of conflict for the US
  with great uncertainty about the nature and
  location of that conflict
• We must be able to defuse crises and/or defeat
  aggression early, at home and abroad, to prevent
  escalation, and limit damage
• Thus, we need flexible, rapidly deployable forces
  and sufficient depth and strength to sustain
  multiple, simultaneous operations

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Transforming the Army

• Restructuring Elimination of Cold War structure
  
• Trading Information For Armor Makes C4ISR Key
• Mobility and Agility in Size and Mission Diversity

Decrease
Increase

• Military Police Units
• Transportation Units
• Intelligence Units
• RSTA/HUMINT Units
• Civil Affairs Units
• PSYOPS Units
• Biological Detection Units

• Field Artillery Units
• Air Defense Units
• Engineer Units
• Armor Units
• Logistics Units

2004-2009
Smaller, Quicker, Smarter
Most Ambitious Army Restructuring in 50 Years
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INTEL Changes
Future Force
Current
Single INT Sensors
Multi-INT Sensor Capability
Correlation/Fusion of Multiple Sensor Data Inputs
into a Single Output
Minimal Integrated EW Suites Multiple Data Outputs
Vertically and Horizontally Integrated Sensor and
Net-Centric Enterprise Architecture
Platform Centric, Stove-Piped Sensor Architecture
Lengthy Sensor-to-Shooter Processing
Real Time Sensor-to-Shooter Decision Process
Timely Red, Blue and Grey SA at all Levels
Limited Red Force Picture
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Intelligence Reform Act of 2004
INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY, APPARATUS, AND RD
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Historical Legislation
Intelligence Reform ActGeorge W. Bush2004
National Security ActHarry S. Truman 1947
EO 12333 Ronald W. Reagan 1982
COLD WAR
NSA 1952
NRO 1960
Goldwater-Nichols 1986
Department ofHomeland Security 2002
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• The debate over Intelligence Reform rapidly
  devolved into the typical issues

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What are the Implications of the Intelligence
Reform Act on Us?
America's intelligence agencies must work
together as a single, unified enterpriseunder
this new law, our vast intelligence enterprise
will become more unified, coordinated and
effective. President George W. Bush
S.2845 H.R.10
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Executive Summary

• The law creates a Director of National
  Intelligence (DNI)
• The law also creates a National Counter-Terrorism
  Center (NCTC)
• The law also extends to the DHS and TSA more
  funding and authority to use ISR capabilities

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Director of National Intelligence

• The DNI will have broad strategic authority over
  budgets, personnel and missions.
• The president's principal adviser on intelligence
  matters
• Leads a unified intelligence community
• Determines and controls the annual budgets of US
  intelligence agencies, including the CIA, DIA,
  and NSA
• Has the authority to order the collection of new
  intelligence, to ensure the sharing of
  information among agencies, and to establish
  common standards for intelligence personnel
• Appointed by the President with the consent of
  the Senate

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DNI (contd)
This director will not abrogate the statutory
responsibilities of the Department of Defense

• The DoDs "statutory responsibilities" for
  intelligence cover the personnel, operations, and
  budgets of the DIA, the Services, NRO, NGA, and,
  most critically, the NSA, the largest US
  intelligence apparatus
• These activities comprise about 80 of the US
  Intelligence Community's budgets, and 7 of 15
  agencies
• In short, this "reform" bill places about 80 of
  the entity that's being reformed outside the
  control of the NDI

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National Counter-Terrorism Center

• The National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC) will
  direct terrorist-related intelligence gathering
  and counter-terrorism operations for the United
  States
• Authority to plan intelligence and
  counterterrorism operations
• No authority to tell civilian or military
  agencies how to execute those missions - an
  important distinction for military commanders who
  do not want conflicting signals coming from the
  NCTC and their bosses at the Pentagon

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Border Security

• The law includes many provisions to strengthen
  border security with ISR capabilities
• The DHS will begin testing a pilot
  border-security program along the US - Canadian
  border, and another along the southwestern US
  border
• The law permits testing of advanced technologies,
  such as sensors, video, and unmanned aerial
  vehicles, for broad area systematic surveillance
  between ports of entry

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Opportunity for ST
Key Sections of Law that Could Also Influence
Our RD Investment Strategy

• Sec 1016 Information Sharing
• Sec 1019 Analytic Integrity
• Sec 1020 Safeguarding of analytic objectivity in
  intelligence analysis
• Sec 1051 Service and national labs and the
  intelligence community
• Sec 1052 Open Source intelligence
• Sec 1053 National Intelligence Reserve Corps
• Sec 4013 Deployment and use of detection
  equipment at airport screening checkpoints
• Sec 4014 Advanced airport checkpoint screening
  devices

• Sec 4020 Checked baggage screening area
  monitoring
• Sec 4021 Wireless communication
• Sec 4024 Improved explosive detection systems
• Sec 4026 MANPADs
• Sec 4029 Extension of TSA funding
• Sec 5201 Border Surveillance
• Sec 6906 Viruses
• Sec 6907 Interception of communications
• Sec 7108 Promotion of free media
• Sec 8402 Enterprise architecture

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• Where Do We Go From Here?

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The Road Ahead

• Integration/Fusion/Information Management is Key
• A holistic approach to advanced RD and systems
  development is a necessity
• Information and data moving at the speed of
  analysis must now be moved at the speed of
  warning
• Specific information that could lead to the
  identification and apprehension of a terrorist
  must flow unimpeded from the most classified and
  integrated data bases to the solider in the
  foxhole or the patrolman making a routine traffic
  stop
• Refocus on the Human Being/Soldier
• Asymmetric warfare increases human to human
  interaction
• 70 of all intelligence in OIF/OEF has been
  HUMINT derived
• Human brain still our most vital decision-making
  tool

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The Road Ahead

• US intelligence requires a special effort to
  focus future development on capabilities that are
  not only advanced, but a leap into areas unknown
  or insufficiently understood by our opponents and
  targets
• HPC and quantum computing
• Tremendous implications for real-time processing
  and analytics
• Nanotechnology offers new ways to get closer to
  targets
• Undetected penetration
• Labs on a Chip" to provide long-term detection
  of biological, chemical, radiological, or other
  weapons of mass destruction
• Miniature cameras for real-time video used in
  precision targeting
• Maxwell's Rainbowreferring to the spectrum
  beyond the visual and electromagnetic
  bandsprovides thermal, atomic, and other MASINT
  signatures

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The Road Ahead

• Intensify cooperation and collaboration with
  Industry and Academia
• "Breakthrough" scientific advances may occur well
  away from the traditional, large,
  government-supported labs and research
  establishments
• Increase Entrepreneurship
• More Experimentation, QRC, and Tech Insertion
• Refocus ST on the kinds of activities it has
  historically done wellspecifically, serving as a
  skunk works to field new technology faster

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The Road Ahead

• Strengthen core competencies
• Although the CIA is the best known member of the
  Intelligence Community, the bulk of the nations
  intelligence effort is undertaken by the
  intelligence agencies of the Department of
  Defensethe distinction between strategic and
  tactical ISR systems gradually has melted away as
  military requirements shifted from the nuclear
  and conventional threat posed by Cold War enemies
  to more diverse dangers arising from rogue states
  and terrorists.
• Report for Congress, CRS, Library of Congress,
  Dec 6, 2004
• Boldly go where no scientist has gone before
• ONS/Capability-based vs. lab coat research
• RDECOM FAST teams

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The Road Ahead

• Change the mindset and culture of our combatant
  commanders and warfighters to better understand
  EW
• EMS is another battlespace on par with land,
  sea, air, and space.
• EW 2005 Roadmap, CJCS/USD(ATL)
• 3 of Top 10 OIF/OEF shortcomings are EW related
• C-RCIED
• Counter-Media (PSYOPS)
• MANPADs
• Boost the declining skilled EW workforce Note
  The NSA is hiring! (7,500 slots!)
• IO Security Dont allow modularity, agility,
  COTS and net-centric warfare to become an
  Achilles heel

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Will It Work?
NDI
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Pete Drucker Presidential Medal of Freedom
Recipient