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Earth History

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Title: Earth History


1
Earth History
  • The earth is estimated to be about 4.6 billion
    years old
  • Earth began as a hot ball of rock
  • About 3.9 billion years ago earth cooled down so
    that water vapor could condense and make oceans
  • About 3.5 billion years ago living organisms
    appeared

2
Earths History
3
Earths History Continued
  • PRE-CAMBRIAN ERA ...the time before the first
    complex organisms appear.Precambrian time, All
    geologic time before the beginning of the
    Paleozoic era. This includes about 90 of all
    geologic time and is from about 544 million years
    ago to about 4.5 billion years ago at the
    beginning of earth. Precambrian means "before
    Cambrian."
  • 90 of Earths History
  • Archean
  • Fossils of blue green algae found (first
    bacterium)
  • Protozoic
  • Plate Tectonics
  • Evidence of 1st Ice Age
  • Worlds 1st Air Pollution crisis
  • Paleozoic
  • Cambrian
  • Sedimentary rocks end
  • Appearance of other life forms
  • Mesozoic
  • Cambrian explosion
  • Invertebrates
  • Cenozoic
  • We are here

4
Theories on origin of life
  • Spontaneous generation living things arose from
    non-living matter
  • Ex. Rats from rocks
  • Special creation A supreme being created earth
    and living things
  • Biological evolution formation of life in
    simple atmosphere Biogenesis
  • Cosmozoic theory Living things transported to
    earth via an asteroid or meteor

5
Experiments to disprove or prove
  • Redi Experiment disproves spontaneous
    generation flys and meat
  • Pasteur Experiment disprove spontaneous
    generation crooked flasks pasteurization
  • Miller and Urey primordial soup Amino acids
    formed in early atmosphere controlled setting,
    same make-up as the first atmosphere, added
    electricity and they found amino acids

6
Do you agree
  • Is there variation within a species?
  • Can new variations arise?
  • Are there species on earth now that were not here
    long ago?
  • Are there species there were here long ago that
    are not here now?
  • Can a variation decrease survival chances?

7
Do you agree?
  • Can a variation increase survival chances?
  • Are surviving individuals possibly more
    successful at reproducing healthy offspring?
  • Can allele frequencies change in a population?

8
Evolution
  • If you have agreed with the past eight
    statements, you agree that evolution occurs.
  • Now lets take a look

9
Evolution
  • Darwin Theory of Natural Selection
  • All organisms produce more offspring than can
    survive
  • Within any population there is variation among
    the members
  • Organisms with the best variations for the
    environment in which they live will survive
  • Nature selects which organisms will survive

10
Lamarck
  • Theory of acquired traits
  • Need If an organism needs a trait it will get
    the trait
  • Use and Disuse If an organism uses a trait it
    will remain
  • Inheriting acquired traits Traits that the
    parents develop during their life will be passed
    to the children
  • Not reasonable in todays world

11
Evidence for Evolution
  • Evolution Change in species over time
  • Fossils found in sedimentary rock
  • Homologous parts similar in structure and
    function
  • Analogous parts body structure similar in
    function
  • Vestigial organs body structure reduced in
    function
  • Embryology similar structures in embryos
  • Genetic comparison similar DNA and biochemistry

12
Mechanisms for Evolution
  • Populations evolve not single organism
  • Populations change
  • Genetic equilibrium frequency of alleles does
    change from generation to generation
  • Genetic drift alteration of allelic frequencies
    by chance
  • Geographic isolation populations are isolated
    from other areas island, mountains
  • Reproductive isolation formerly interbreeding
    organisms cannot produce fertile offspring

13
Classification
  • Classification grouping of organisms based on
    traits
  • Taxonomy study of classification branch of
    biology
  • Bionomial nomenclature 2 word naming system
    proposed by Linnaeus
  • Ex. Genus and species written in italics or
    underlined Genus capatilized and species
    lowercase

14
Order of Classification
  • Domain 3
  • Kingdom 6
  • Phylum
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species smallest group denotes specific
    organism

15
Three Domains
  • Domain Bacteria unicellular, prokaryotic, thick
    cell walls with peptidoglycan, contains
    eubacteria
  • Domain Archaea unicellular, prokaryotic, live
    in extreme environments, cell walls lack
    peptidoglycan - archaebacteria
  • Domain Eukarya contains all eukaryotes in
    kingdoms protista, fungi, plantae, animalia

16
Six Kingdoms
  • Eubacteria
  • Archaebacteria
  • Protista
  • Fungi
  • Plantae
  • Animalia

17
Tools used to identify organism
  • Cladogram diagram that uses derived characters
    to show evolutionary relationships
  • Dichotomous key series of paired statements
    that describe physical characteristics of
    different organisms use to identify

18
Major overview points
  • Cell Type Prokaryote or eukaryote
  • Cell structures cell walls peptidoglycan,
    cellulose, or chitin, chloroplasts or not
  • Number of cells unicellular or multicellular
  • Mode of nutrition autotroph or heterotroph
  • Know examples
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