The Planting of English America

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Chapter 2

• The Planting of English America

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Colonization in Early 1600s

• 1610 Sante Fe Spanish
• 1608 Quebec French
• 1607 Jamestown - English

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England and Exploration

• North America in 1600 was largely unclaimed,
  though the Spanish had much control in Central
  and South America.
• Issues in England kept them from exploring
• King Henry VIII broke with the Roman Catholic
  Church in the 1530s and launched the English
  Protestant Reformation.
• After Elizabeth I became queen, Britain became
  predominantly Protestant, and a rivalry with
  Catholic Spain intensified.

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Spain Vs. England

• England wanted what Spain had money, gold ,
  land, power and prestige.
• Sea Dogs led by Francis Drake stole from Spanish
  ships
• King Philip was livid after Drake raided Spanish
  ships on the west coast of South America
• Philip ordered the building of the Spanish Armada

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Sir Francis Drake

• Queen Elizabeth's favorite sea dog
• Stole from the Spanish and eventually
  circumnavigated the world.

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Drakes Golden Hind

• English explorer Francis Drake sailed around the
  world between 1577 and 1580 in his galleon the
  Golden Hind. On his voyage Drake was able to
  seize large amounts of treasure from Spanish
  possessions in South America. As a result of his
  success, he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth I of
  England. This replica of Drakes galleon can be
  seen on the Thames River in London.

Joel W. Rogers/Corbis
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Spanish Armada

• The Spanish fleet sailed on July 12, 1588. It
  consisted of 128 ships carrying 29,522 sailors.
  The British fleet consisted of 116 large ships
  and numerous coastal vessels
• The Armada was defeated by the English and Sir
  Francis Drake.
• Many ships were lost in the battle and because of
  storms on the way back to Spain
• About half of the ships returned to Spain
• Turning point in history because now the English
  had confidence to pursue colonization in the New
  World
• Spains invincibility was shattered

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Reasons for Emigration

• Britains population was mushrooming.
• Farmers were forced off the land
• Economic depression hit the woolen trade in the
  late 1500s
• Primogeniture decree that only the oldest son
  was eligible to inherit landed estates
• By the 1600s, the joint-stock company was
  perfected, being a forerunner to todays
  corporations
• Confidence because of the victory over the
  Spanish Armada

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Early English Colonization

• Sir Humphrey Gilbert
• Attempted to settle in Newfoundland with a
  charter from king.
• Lost at sea
• Sir Walter Raleigh
• Gilberts half brother
• Given Gilberts charter
• Hired John White to take a group to Roanoke
  Island to set up first English colony
• Lost Colony

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Roanoke Island
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3. Jamestown

• Started by a The Virginia Company, a joint stock
  venture
• King James I gave a charter to Virginia Company
• Company hired young, strong men to mine for gold
  and make money for the stock company
• Settled in a low swampy area protected on three
  sides by water
• Stagnant water mosquitoes malaria death
• Indian attack, lack of shelter, drought, and
  starvation became biggest problems

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Jamestown

• John Smith
• Helped desperate situation in Jamestown by
  forcing colonists to work for the good of the
  colony
• Pocahontas saved Smith from Powhatan Indians
• Left Jamestown because of a gunpowder accident
• starving time followed
• Tobacco
• Brought over by John Rolfe
• Became a badly needed source of income for
  Jamestown

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Pocahontas
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1619

• Dutch ship with 20 African indentured servants
  ran aground at Jamestown
• Dutch traded the servants for supplies
• Servants became first slaves in North America
• House of Burgesses started in Williamsburg
  Virginia
• First representative government in America
• Beginning of democracy in North America

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Tobacco

• Tobacco created a greed for land, since it
  heavily depleted soil and ruined the land.

Tobacco field in Virginia
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Maryland

• Founded in 1634 by Cecil Calvert (Lord
  Baltimore), Maryland was the second plantation
  colony and the fourth overall colony to be
  formed.
• Refuge for Catholics
• Lord Baltimore gave huge estates to his Catholic
  relatives, but the poorer people who settled
  there where mostly Protestant, creating friction.
• Act of Toleration all welcome in Maryland as
  long as they believed in the Holy Trinity.
• Death penalty to those who did not believe

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Maryland
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West Indies Plantations

• As the British were colonizing Virginia, they
  were also settling in the West Indies
• Thousands of African slaves were needed to
  operate sugar plantations
• To control so many slaves codes were set up
  that defined the legal status of slaves and the
  rights of the masters

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Carolinas

• Created during the Restoration Period
• Carolina flourished by developing close economic
  ties with the West Indies.
• Rice emerged as the principle crop in Carolina.
• Violent colony due to the close border to Spanish
  Florida

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North Carolina

• In 1712, North and South Carolina were officially
  separated.
• Many newcomers to Carolina were Virginia castoff
  squatters, people who owned no land.
• North Carolinians developed a strong resistant to
  authority, due to geographic isolation from
  neighbors.
• Most democratic
• Most independent minded
• Least aristocratic

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Georgia

• Last of the 13 colonies to be established
• Started by James Oglethorpe as a colony for
  imprisoned debtors from England
• Also became a buffer by protecting Carolinas from
  Indian and Spanish attack.
• Undisciplined and doomed to failure

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(No Transcript)
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Oglethorpe and Georgia
James Oglethorpe
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Southern Colonies

• Maryland
• Virginia
• North Carolina
• South Carolina
• Georgia
• Dominated by tobacco plantations
• All were aristocratic (except for North Carolina)
• All had cash crop tobacco, rice , sugar or
  indigo
• Close contact with England due to slow moving
  navigable rivers
• All had slaves